“…In the PITA study, Fauquert et al 146 used sealed capsules containing peanut flour instead of vehicle foods, to bypass the oral cavity and upper digestive tract, to limit adverse side effects involving the mouth and oesophagus. Besides encapsulation, other novel (experimental) AIT approaches aimed at increasing clinical efficacy and reducing adverse side effects are worth considering 145,155,156 , most of which require knowledge of the immunodominant B-and T-cell epitopes of the major cashew allergens ( Figure 5B). For example, peptides or food allergens can be engineered or chemically modified to lose their IgE cross-linking effectiveness, whilst retaining their ability to modulate allergen-specific T cells 145,156 , as evident from peanut AIT studies 15,154 .…”