Potency of Massoia bark in combating immunosuppressed-related infection

Abstract

Background:As part of our search for new potential natural resources to eradicate infection, we have revealed the prominent potency of massoia bark (Massoia aromatica Becc, Lauraceae) in combating immunosuppressed-related infection.Materials and Methods:The extract was prepared by macerating the pulverized dried bark in ethanol 95%, followed by solvent evaporation. The oil was extracted from the dried bark by steam-hydrodistillation of which preparative thin-layer chromatography was performed on the oil to isolate the active constituent, C-10 massoia lactone (ML). Anti-biofilm assay against Candida albicans was conducted on polystyrene 96 wells microtiter plates, followed by a confocal laser scanning microscope observation to get three-dimensional profiles of the affected biofilms. Effects on the hyphae development inoculated on RPMI-1640 agar plates were observed for 7 days. Influences of samples on mice macrophage phagocytosis were examined by an in vitro technique. Samples concentration tested were in the range of 2.0–0.0625 mg/mL and done in triplicate.Results:Massoia bark extracts (oil and solid phase) and ML exhibited promising activities as anti-biofilm against C. albicans at IC50 0.074% v/v, 271 μg/mL and 0.026 μg/mL, respectively. The ML did not inhibit the hyphae development at the concentration tested; however, the extracts showed inhibition at 62.5 μg/mL. Macrophage phagocytosis stimulation was correlated to the ML content.Conclusion:Massoia bark is potential to be developed as anti-infective in immunosuppressed condition of which the C10 ML (C10H16O2) plays a major role in exerting activity.SUMMARY Massoia bark extracts (oily and solid phase) and C-10 Massoia lactone exhibited promising activities as antibiofilm against Candida albicans at IC50 are 0.074 %v/v, 271 μg/mL and 0.026 μg/mL respectively. The major constituent, C-10 Massoia lactone (C10H16O2) plays major role in exerting anticandida activity and potentially acts as an immunomodulator as well. However extracts showed inhibition of hyphae development of C. albicans which showed no correlation to the content of the Massoia lactone. Abbreviations used: GC/MS: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, ML: Massoia Lactone, TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography, ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute, PBS: Phosphate Buffer Sterile, LSM: Laser scanning microscope, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, UV: Ultra violet, SDB: Sabouraud dextrose agar, MeOH: Methanol, LB: Luria Bertani, EtOAc: Ethyl acetate, CLSM: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, PI: Propidium iodide.

Effect of Massoia (Massoia aromatica Becc.) Bark on the Phagocytic Activity of Wistar Rat Macrophages

“…The results of the in vitro assay supported the results of Hertiani et al [ 9 ], who reported that an increase in the phagocytic activity of macrophages is related to the increase in the content of C-10 massoialactone. The infusion method can be used to efficiently extract the active compound from the bark of the Massoia plant.…”

“…Therefore, it is also interesting to find out whether the tannin and cinnamaldehyde also contribute in modulation of the macrophage activity following sample application. Nevertheless, C-10 massoialactone as the active compound exhibits a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against planktonic and biofilm cultures [ 9 ]. This activity may enhance the potential value of Massoia bark as an immunomodulator in responses to microbial infection.…”

“…The bark contains essential oil with C-10-massoialactone as the major constituent [ 6 , 8 ]. Our previous in vitro experiment revealed that Massoia essential oil and C-10 massoialactone enhance the phagocytic activity of mouse macrophages [ 9 ]. However, no study has evaluated the effect of Massoia bark infusion as an immunomodulator on the nonspecific immune response (phagocytosis) of Wistar rats.…”

Much More Than a Pleasant Scent: A Review on Essential Oils Supporting the Immune System

“…Carum copticum (bishop's weed) seeds EO compounds: α-pinene and carvacrol [34] Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) [23,24] Eugenia caryophyllata [35] Massoia aromatica bark EO and massoialactone [36,37] Melaleuca viridiflora (niaouli) [38] orange EO, and its components: Limonene, linalool, and citral [39] Panax ginseng (ginseng) [40] Salvia officinalis (sage) [41] Syzygium aromaticum (clove) [41] Zanthoxylum rhoifolium [42] Zingiber officinale (ginger) [41] Dietary Supplementation for Livestock and Fish a blend of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), peppermint (Mentha piperita), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) [43] a blend of thymol and carvacrol [44] a blend of thymol and cinnamaldehyde [45][46][47][48] Allium sativum (garlic) [49] Ducrosia anethifolia [50] Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) [51] Juniperus communis (juniper) [49] Ocimum americanum (American basil) [52] Origanum onites [53] Origanum vulgare (oregano) [54] Satureja hortensis (savoury) [55] Thymus vulgaris (thyme) [56] Human Studies a blend of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), and sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana) [57] a blend of orange sweet (Citrus sinensis), true lavender, and marjoram sweet (Origanum majorana) [58] a blend of sweet orange (Citrus aurantium), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and sandalwood (Santalum album) [59] Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki cypress) [60] Citrus fragrance (lemon oil+orange oil+bergamot oil+cis-4-hexenol) [61] ginger EO [62] grapefruit, fennel, pepper, lavender, patchouli, and rose [63] La...…”

“…Massoia (Massoia aromatica) bark infusion containing in low doses C-10 massoialactone, the major component of massoia bark EO, was administered orally to rats every day for 14 days in a study conducted by Hertiani et al, and the effects on the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages were evaluated [36]. In a previous in vitro experiment massoia bark EO and C-10 massoialactone were found to enhance the phagocytic activity of mouse macrophages, and the phagocytosis stimulation was correlated to the massoialactone content [37]. Following the treatment with massoia bark infusion, the phagocytic activity of macrophages significantly increased in rats [36].…”