Potency of detergents in enhancing Schistosoma mansoni tegumental antigens

Abstract

Introduction: Vaccine strategies represent an essential component for the future control of schistosomiasis. This work aimed to evaluate the role of detergents for potentiating the effect of Schistosoma mansoni tegumental antigens (TA) against challenge infection. Methodology: Two detergents; Triton X-100 (TX-100) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were selected for extraction of tegumental proteins. Mice were vaccinated with two doses of each preparation (100 μg protein) at time intervals 15 days before infection. Evaluation was performed by estimating particular metabolic pathways, including the Krebs cycle (via succinate dehydrogenase); glycolysis (lactate dehydrogenase); gluconeogenesis (glucose-6-phosphatase); hydrolytic enzymes (acid phosphatase); and nucleic acid catabolic enzymes (5`-nucleotidase). Serum protein profiles, worm burden, ova counts, spleen and relative liver weights were also investigated. The work was extended to study the histopathological picture of the liver including granuloma count, and total infection area. Vaccinated post-challenged mice showed amelioration of the selected biochemical parameters and reduction in worm and ova count (P ≤ 0.0001) as well as improvement in the histological features of the liver. Results: Triton X-100 potentiated the protective effect of S. mansoni tegumental antigen and extracted effective proteins better than SDS, while TA alone recorded the lowest level of protection. Conclusion: TX-100 will be more efficient for future studies in molecular identification of novel candidate tegumental proteins.

Efficacy of Sida pilosa Retz aqueous extract against Schistosoma mansoni – induced granulomatous inflammation in the liver and the intestine of mice: histomorphometry and gastrointestinal motility evaluation

“…The thickness of the ileal muscular layer was slightly but significantly reduced by 10.52%. Reduction of granuloma number and/or size has been previously reported by others authors after treating S. mansoni -infected mice with curcumin [ 13 ], Zingiber officinale rhizomes [ 33 ], berberine [ 4 ], Ceratonia siliqua pod [ 8 ], selenium nanoparticles [ 5 ] or vaccination of mice with the tegumental antigen of S. mansoni adult worms prior to infection [ 34 ]. The formation and the development of hepatic granuloma are intimately linked to inflammatory cells infiltration in the liver.…”

Efficacy of Ozoroa pulcherrima Schweinf methanolic extract against Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver injury in mice

“…Results from Table 1 revealed that S. mansoni -infected mice exhibited significant growth retardation and hepatosplenomegaly. Enlargement of the liver is thought to be due to eggs deposition in the hepatic tissue and enlargement of the spleen is due to passive congestion of blood flow and reticuloendothelial hyperplasia 35, 36. The mechanism behind hepatosplenomegaly is probably related to immune response.…”

Antischistosomal Activity of Two Active Constituents Isolated from the Leaves of Egyptian Medicinal Plants

“…Schistosoma eggs are known to produce several tissue-reactive substances including lipids, antigens, and enzymes, as well as reticuloendothelial cell infiltration and fibro granulomatous tissue, which lead to liver enlargement. 33 Moreover, the increase in the relative liver weight may be attributed to both egg deposition by worms and several metabolites released by S. mansoni , which affect the host hepatic tissue. 34…”