POTENCIAL LARVICIDA DOS EXTRATOS AQUOSOS DAS FOLHAS FRESCAS E SECAS DE Eruca sativa (BRASSICACEAE) SOBRE Aedes aegypti (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) E AVALIAÇÃO QUÍMICA

Abstract

Aedes aegypti is capable of transmitting arboviruses. Bioinsecticides are an option to be added to the integrated control of this vector. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the larvicidal potential of aqueous extracts of fresh and dry leaves of Eruca sativa on A. aegypti, and to carry out a preliminary chemical analysis of this plant. In the extraction, infusion, decoction and maceration methods were used; and for bioassays crude leaf extract (EBF) and diluted leaf extract (EDF) were used in a 1:1 ratio. As for larval mortality, in fresh leaf extracts, with 24 hours of exposure to the treatments Infusion (EBF and EDF), Decoction (EBF and EDF) and Maceration (EBF) there were 10.64%, 4.66%, 5.33%, 0.66% and 0.66%, respectively. In the extracts of dried leaves, in 6h of exposure, Decoction treatment (EBF) there were 88.66% and in the EDF 56.66%. With 10 h of exposure, in Decoction extracts (EBF and EDF) there were 100% and 84.66%, and in Maceration (EBF) 29.33%. With 24h, in Decoction (EDF) and Maceration (EBF) there was 100%, in Infusion (EBF) 51.33% and Maceration (EDF) 60.66%. With 48h, in Maceration (EDF) 100% of mortality was observed, and in EBF and EDF Infusion 82.66% and 77.33%, respectively. In the chemical analysis, saponins, catechins, tannins and anthocyanic heterosides were observed. It was concluded that aqueous extracts of Eruca sativa leaves are toxic to A. aegypti larvae, with greater potential being observed in dry leaves, and that the bioactive compounds found are indicative of insecticidal activity.