Potatoes for Human Life Support in Space

Wheeler, Raymond M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374349-7.00017-9

Cited by 46 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Clearly this example is not feasible in current spaceflight scenarios given the nearly 6 m vertical distance required to realize the additional layer of plants; however, it is relevant to vertical farming in terrestrial settings where significant production increases could be achieved. Recognizing this spaceflight limitation, it still may be possible to grow plants otherwise unsuited for spaceflight production systems (e.g., Lada, Veggie, or proposed "salad machine" concepts) based on their crown architecture under conditions where MS is absent (Kliss et al 2000, Massa et al 2013, Wheeler 2010. Applying MS to these plants may prevent them from outgrowing the plant production hardware, making them viable test species.…”

Section: Vegetative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioregenerative or advanced life-support (ALS) systems utilizing plants and other biological machinery to sustain human life have long been considered critical for such extended missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO) (Wheeler 2010). The plants and associated microbial communities in these bioregenerative systems provide, in whole or in part, critical life-support services including food production, air revitalization (oxygen production and carbon dioxide removal), and wastewater recycling (Mitchell 1994, Wheeler & Sager 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Stimulation Modifies Canopy Architecture and Improves Volume Utilization Efficiency in Bell Pepper: Implications for Bioregenerative Life-support and Vertical Farming

Graham

Wheeler

2017

Open Agriculture

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Open Agriculture. 2017; 2: 42-51 vertical system requirements or by expanding the species range that can be grown in a fixed production volume. Mechanical stimulation is also discussed as a microgravity countermeasure for crop plants.Keywords: Thigmomorphogenesis, Plant Dwarfing, Capsicum annum 'California Wonder', Advanced LifeSupport, Vertical Agriculture IntroductionIt has long been recognized that mechanical stimulation (MS; stress), such as wind action, rubbing, constriction, shaking, and encounters with physical barriers can have a dramatic influence on plant morphological development (Biddington 1986, Darwin 1880, Jaffe 1973, Mitchell et al. 1975, Mitchell 1977. Jaffe (1973) demonstrated that daily MS to partially mature internode tissue, applied by rubbing stem tissue between two fingers, could induce dramatic reductions in internode length resulting in dwarf phenotypes in a range of crop species. Jaffe (1973) coined the term thigmomorphogenesis, (thigma being the Greek word for touch) to describe these long term morphological responses to touch. Over the ensuing 40 years many others have followed up on Jaffe's work, notably amongst others, Cary Mitchell's group at Purdue (West Lafayette, IN, USA), Joyce Latimer at Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA, USA), and Janet Braam at Rice University (Houston, TX, USA). It is now known that thigmomorphogenesis includes a wide range of responses including, but not limited to, shortening of internodes, stem thickening, reduced leaf expansion, changes in chlorophyll content, and alterations in plant hormone levels (Beyl & Mitchell 1983, Biddington 1986, Braam 2005, Chehab et al. 2008, Latimer et al. 1991, Mitchell & Myers 1995, Monshausen & Haswell 2013. Abstract: Mechanical stimuli or stress has been shown to induce characteristic morphogenic responses (thigmomorphogenesis) in a range of crop species. The typical mechanically stimulated phenotype is shorter and more compact than non-mechanically stimulated plants. This dwarfing effect can be employed to help conform crop plants to the constraints of spaceflight and vertical agriculture crop production systems. Capsicum annum (cv. California Wonder) plants were grown in controlled environment chambers and subjected to mechanical stimulation in the form of firm but gentle daily rubbing of internode tissue with a tightly wrapped cotton swab. Two studies were conducted, the first being a vegetative growth phase study in which plants were mechanically stimulated until anthesis. The second study carried the mechanical stimulation through to fruit set. The response during the vegetative growth experiment was consistent with other results in the literature, with a general reduction in all plant growth metrics and an increase in relative chlorophyll (SPAD) content under mechanical stimulation. In the fruiting phase study, only height and stem thickness differed from the control plants. Using the data from the fruiting study, a rudimentary calculation of volume use efficiency (VUE) improvements was conducted. Results suggest t...

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Section: Vegetative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Stimulation Modifies Canopy Architecture and Improves Volume Utilization Efficiency in Bell Pepper: Implications for Bioregenerative Life-support and Vertical Farming

Graham

Wheeler

2017

Open Agriculture

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“…Understanding the mechanisms behind this physiological adaptation is relevant to terrestrial crop breeding, particularly in the effort to expand croplands into marginal terrain and environments, and also to orbital and extraterrestrial controlled agriculture, where hypobaric environments may reflect a favorable engineering choice for plant growth habitats (Corey et al, 2002; Paul and Ferl, 2006; Wheeler, 2010). Although, the literature exploring physiological responses to hypobaric environments is growing, studies of the underlying changes in gene expression that contribute to these responses are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting Low Atmospheric Pressure Stress: Transcriptome Responses to the Components of Hypobaria in Arabidopsis

Zhou

Callaham

Reyes³

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Controlled hypobaria presents biology with an environment that is never encountered in terrestrial ecology, yet the apparent components of hypobaria are stresses typical of terrestrial ecosystems. High altitude, for example, presents terrestrial hypobaria always with hypoxia as a component stress, since the relative partial pressure of O2 is constant in the atmosphere. Laboratory-controlled hypobaria, however, allows the dissection of pressure effects away from the effects typically associated with altitude, in particular hypoxia, as the partial pressure of O2 can be varied. In this study, whole transcriptomes of plants grown in ambient (97 kPa/pO2 = 21 kPa) atmospheric conditions were compared to those of plants transferred to five different atmospheres of varying pressure and oxygen composition for 24 h: 50 kPa/pO2 = 10 kPa, 25 kPa/pO2 = 5 kPa, 50 kPa/pO2 = 21 kPa, 25 kPa/pO2 = 21 kPa, or 97 kPa/pO2 = 5 kPa. The plants exposed to these environments were 10 day old Arabidopsis seedlings grown vertically on hydrated nutrient plates. In addition, 5 day old plants were also exposed for 24 h to the 50 kPa and ambient environments to evaluate age-dependent responses. The gene expression profiles from roots and shoots showed that the hypobaric response contained more complex gene regulation than simple hypoxia, and that adding back oxygen to normoxic conditions did not completely alleviate gene expression changes in hypobaric responses.

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“…8 According to Wright Patterson Air Force Base symposium, selection criteria included the ability of growth under low light intensity, compact size, high productivity, and osmotolerance. 9 Other factors such as compatibility with other components of BLSS and humans, reasonable duration of growth cycle, palatability, nutritional value and adaptability to the space condition need to be taken into consideration as well.…”

Section: Candidate Green Organisms For Integration In Blssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and genetic manipulation of green organisms for establishment of biological life support systems in space

Saei

Omidi²

2013

Bioengineered

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Potatoes for Human Life Support in Space

Cited by 46 publications

References 84 publications

Mechanical Stimulation Modifies Canopy Architecture and Improves Volume Utilization Efficiency in Bell Pepper: Implications for Bioregenerative Life-support and Vertical Farming

Mechanical Stimulation Modifies Canopy Architecture and Improves Volume Utilization Efficiency in Bell Pepper: Implications for Bioregenerative Life-support and Vertical Farming

Dissecting Low Atmospheric Pressure Stress: Transcriptome Responses to the Components of Hypobaria in Arabidopsis

Screening and genetic manipulation of green organisms for establishment of biological life support systems in space

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