Potato virus X TGBp1 induces plasmodesmata gating and moves between cells in several host species whereas CP moves only in N. benthamiana leaves

Howard, Amanda R.; Heppler, Marty; Ju, Ho-Jong; Krishnamurthy, Konduru; Payton, Mark E.; Verchot, Jeanmarie

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.06.039

Cited by 95 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Cross-protection by Fny-CMVD2b also works against wild-type Fny-CMV in N. benthamiana plants Due in part to defects in its RNA silencing system and the properties of its plasmodesmata the plant N. benthamiana is exceptionally susceptible to a wide range of wild-type viruses as well as mutants that spread poorly in other hosts (Christie & Crawford, 1978;Howard et al, 2004;Murphy et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2004). We were curious to see if this highly susceptible host plant is protected by Fny-CMVD2b against challenge with Fny-CMV.…”

Section: Fny-cmvd2b Protects Against a Challenge Infection With Wild-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A cucumber mosaic virus mutant lacking the 2b counter-defence protein gene provides protection against wild-type strains

Ziebell

Payne

Berry

et al. 2007

Journal of General Virology

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Several plant virus mutants, in which genes encoding silencing suppressor proteins have been deleted, are known to induce systemic or localized RNA silencing against themselves and other RNA molecules containing homologous sequences. Thus, it is thought that many cases of cross-protection, in which infection with a mild or asymptomatic virus mutant protects plants against challenge infection with closely related virulent viruses, can be explained by RNA silencing. We found that a cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) mutant of the subgroup IA strain Fny (Fny-CMVD2b), which cannot express the 2b silencing suppressor protein, cross-protects tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Nicotiana benthamiana plants against disease induction by wild-type Fny-CMV. However, protection is most effective only if inoculation with Fny-CMVD2b and challenge inoculation with wild-type CMV occurs on the same leaf. Unexpectedly, FnyCMVD2b also protected plants against infection with TC-CMV, a subgroup II strain that is not closely related to Fny-CMV. Additionally, in situ hybridization revealed that Fny-CMVD2b and Fny-CMV can co-exist in the same tissues but these tissues contain zones of Fny-CMVD2b-infected host cells from which Fny-CMV appears to be excluded. Taken together, it appears unlikely that cross-protection by Fny-CMVD2b occurs by induction of systemic RNA silencing against itself and homologous RNA sequences in wild-type CMV. It is more likely that protection occurs through either induction of very highly localized RNA silencing, or by competition between strains for host cells or resources. INTRODUCTIONCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the type species of the genus Cucumovirus of the family Bromoviridae (Van Regenmortel et al., 2000). Based on serological relationships and sequence criteria, the species is divided into three distinct subgroups: IA, IB and II (Roossinck et al., 1999). CMV has the largest host range of any known plant virus and is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by aphids belonging to over 80 species. Taken together, these factors probably contribute to the worldwide distribution of the virus and its economic importance (Palukaitis et al., 1992;Palukaitis & García-Arenal, 2003). The CMV genome consists of three positive-sense RNA molecules. These are RNAs 1, 2 and 3, which also function as mRNAs for the synthesis of the 1a and 2a replicase proteins, and the 3a movement protein, respectively. During replication, subgenomic mRNAs encoding additional proteins are synthesized. The subgenomic RNA 4, derived from RNA 3, is the mRNA for CMV coat protein (CP) and RNA 4A, which is derived from RNA 2, is the mRNA for the multifunctional 2b protein (Ding et al., 1994). Direct control of CMV or prevention of its transmission by aphids by using insecticides is difficult to achieve. One promising approach for controlling CMV is the use of pathogen-derived transgenes in genetically modified plants (Palukaitis & Zaitlin, 1997;Gaba et al., 2004). Pathogenderived resistance to CMV and other viruses works either through the triggering of...

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Section: Fny-cmvd2b Protects Against a Challenge Infection With Wild-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A cucumber mosaic virus mutant lacking the 2b counter-defence protein gene provides protection against wild-type strains

Ziebell

Payne

Berry

et al. 2007

Journal of General Virology

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“…Pds are channels that traverse the cell wall to establish a symplastic continuum through most of the plant. In doing so, they provide a path for the pathogenic invasion of tissues by viruses (Wolf et al, 1989;Escobar et al, 2003;Howard et al, 2004;Canto and Palukaitis, 2005) and potentially for biotrophic invasion by some fungi (Kankanala et al, 2007). Despite their importance, very little is known about either the constituent components of Pds or the mechanisms that regulate both their size and the specificity of molecules that traffic through them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AnArabidopsisGPI-Anchor Plasmodesmal Neck Protein with Callose Binding Activity and Potential to Regulate Cell-to-Cell Trafficking

et al. 2009

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Plasmodesmata (Pds) traverse the cell wall to establish a symplastic continuum through most of the plant. Rapid and reversible deposition of callose in the cell wall surrounding the Pd apertures is proposed to provide a regulatory process through physical constriction of the symplastic channel. We identified members within a larger family of X8 domaincontaining proteins that targeted to Pds. This subgroup of proteins contains signal sequences for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage to the extracellular face of the plasma membrane. We focused our attention on three closely related members of this family, two of which specifically bind to 1,3-b-glucans (callose) in vitro. We named this family of proteins Pd callose binding proteins (PDCBs). Yellow fluorescent protein-PDCB1 was found to localize to the neck region of Pds with potential to provide a structural anchor between the plasma membrane component of Pds and the cell wall. PDCB1, PDCB2, and PDCB3 had overlapping and widespread patterns of expression, but neither single nor combined insertional mutants for PDCB2 and PDCB3 showed any visible phenotype. However, increased expression of PDCB1 led to an increase in callose accumulation and a reduction of green fluorescent protein (GFP) movement in a GFP diffusion assay, identifying a potential association between PDCB-mediated callose deposition and plant cell-to-cell communication.

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“…p25 of PVX is known as a silencing suppressor protein. It has nucleotide binding and RNA helicase activity [4,17,25,26,41] and it plays a role in cellular movement of the virus [4,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of symptoms, viral coat protein and silencing suppressor gene during mixed infection of a N–Wi strain of potato virus Y and an asymptomatic strain of potato virus X

Senanayake

Mandal

2014

VirusDis.

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Potato virus Y (PVY) and potato virus X (PVX), the RNA viruses of two different genera results into synergistic interactions on mixed infection. In this study, a N-Wi strain of PVY and a PVX strain that is asymptomatic on potato were used to study their interactions during mixed infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum with reference to symptom expression, level of coat protein (CP) using ELISA and suppressor gene using real time PCR under high temperature (26-40°C) and low temperature (5-25°C) conditions. Both mixed and single infection caused severe necrosis and death of N. benthamiana plants. Single infection of these viruses in N. tabacum showed mild symptoms but mixed infection caused more severe symptoms. Synergistic symptoms were more pronounced under low temperature conditions than at high temperature. In low temperature conditions, the CP level of PVX in N. benthamiana was twofold higher than PVY and both the viruses reached at peak at 28 dpi in single virus infection. When PVY and PVX inoculated together, the CP levels of both the viruses increased and reached to the peak earlier (within 7-14 days) than that in the single virus inoculation. Although, the CP level of PVX was higher than PVY in mixed infection, at later stage (28 dpi) both the CP level declined to the similar level. The level of p25 suppressor gene was higher than HCPro in single inoculation. However, under mixed inoculation of PVY and PVX, expression of p25 was declined to the level of HC-Pro when the CP levels of both the virus also were observed to decline. The expression pattern of CP and suppressor gene was different in plants when mixed infection was created by inoculation of one virus followed by the other. This study showed the level of CP and suppressor gene of specific strain of PVY and PVX during their mixed infection in tobacco.

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Potato virus X TGBp1 induces plasmodesmata gating and moves between cells in several host species whereas CP moves only in N. benthamiana leaves

Cited by 95 publications

References 45 publications

A cucumber mosaic virus mutant lacking the 2b counter-defence protein gene provides protection against wild-type strains

A cucumber mosaic virus mutant lacking the 2b counter-defence protein gene provides protection against wild-type strains

AnArabidopsisGPI-Anchor Plasmodesmal Neck Protein with Callose Binding Activity and Potential to Regulate Cell-to-Cell Trafficking

Expression of symptoms, viral coat protein and silencing suppressor gene during mixed infection of a N–Wi strain of potato virus Y and an asymptomatic strain of potato virus X

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