Potato production in the tropics

Midmore, David J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2340-2_15

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…A commonality in all production environments relates to the strong influence of genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction on yield [11,12]. Climate conditions, day-length, mineral content of solutions, and the genetic make-up of varieties are strong drivers of differential performance [13][14][15][16]. A particular challenge of aeroponics relates to the excessive growth of the foliage and root system, as well as the prolongation of the vegetative period [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype by Environment Effects on Potato Mini-Tuber Seed Production in an Aeroponics System

2014

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Abstract:In order to evaluate the environmental effect on plant development and mini-tuber production of a diverse group of potato genotypes grown under an aeroponic system, a G × E interaction experiment was carried out in greenhouses located at CIP's experimental stations in La Molina (Lima) and Huancayo (Junín). Five contrasting environments were set-up and evaluated. A combined Analysis of Variance was performed for the variables "days to tuber set", "days to senescence" and "plant height". An Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) Analysis was performed for yield variables: mini-tuber "weight" and "number of mini-tubers" per plant. There was a high variation in all the responses to the treatments. "Days to tuber set" was influenced by genetic responses, temperature and greenhouse Photosynthetically Active Radiation intensity. Considerable increases in the length of the vegetative cycle and plant height were recorded for all genotypes, and these were particularly notable in the warmer coastal environments. AMMI analysis showed that yield variables were primarily influenced by the genotypic effect followed by the genotype by environment interaction effect. The Venturana variety (T2) was the best performing genotype with a total average mini-tuber "weight" of 644 g per plant while the Chucmarina variety (T1) performed best for the OPEN ACCESSAgronomy 2014, 4 515 variable "number of mini-tubers" with an overall average of 60.2 mini-tubers per plant. Both showed stability across different environments for these variables. The advanced clones T3 (395434.1), T5 (397077.16) and T6 (397073.16) showed stability for yield variables, but their performance was below the overall average of the trial. It is recommended that the environment and management should ideally be tailored to the genotype as this will result in significant yield gains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype by Environment Effects on Potato Mini-Tuber Seed Production in an Aeroponics System

2014

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“…The use of uniform growth substrate and management practices in the nurseries removed the influence of site-related soil effects on yield. As daily irradiance was similar at both sites, the two fold or greater yield difference was possibly the combined result of reduced net assimilate available for plant growth (Midmore 1992) and reduced partitioning to the tubers (Ewing 1981) and leaves (Midmore & Prange 1991) at the warmer site. The importance of these effects has been demonstrated by Midmore & Roca (1992) through analysis of the contribution of cumulative intercepted radiation and the mean growing temperature to production of tuber dry weight.…”

Section: Nursery Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, some examples where seed for warm climate production has been provided from cooler highland production do exist (e.g. in Sri Lanka; Midmore 1992), but these are the exception rather than the rule. In general, even in countries with suitable climates for highland seed production, the minor importance of lowland potato at present may not justify the investment needed to implement a conventional seed-multiplication programme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planting materials for warm tropic potato production: production and field performance of nursery-produced tubers

1996

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S U M M A R YPotato production in the lowland tropics is constrained by lack of affordable supplies of planting material. Therefore, the potential to produce in situ tuber seed from true potato seed (TPS) seedlings and rooted stem cuttings under nursery conditions in the warm tropics was studied, and their yields were compared with those of the same materials obtained under cool conditions. Subsequently, their field performance in the warm tropics was evaluated.Tuber yield from TPS seedlings and rooted cuttings transplanted in nursery beds under warm conditions ranged from 50 % to < 20 % of that obtained in cool conditions, but reductions in tuber numbers were less marked under warm conditions. Survival of seedlings was less than that of stem cuttings, but tuber numbers of seedlings exceeded those of rooted cuttings by a factor of two or more (e.g. 700 m~2 for seedlings v. 224 m~2 for rooted cuttings). Low tuber number is physiologically inherent in cuttings, as is high tuber number in seedlings. Total tuber yields varied significantly amongst clones grown in the warm climate from rooted cuttings, not always in proportion to the number of tubers produced. Differences in tuber yield and tuber number were less marked between the two TPS progenies studied.The field comparisons highlighted the 30-40 % lower yield potential for warm-climate-produced nursery seed materials. Slower emergence and fewer stems apparently were in part responsible for this effect; however, neither tuber number harvested nor the proportion of marketable tubers was affected by site of production of seed materials. Cutting medium-sized warm-produced tubers (mean 23 g), the use of larger sized whole tubers (10-20 g v. 5-10 g) or increasing the planting density of 5 g tubers from 8-8 to 15-5 plants n r 2 significantly increased yields by 4-9, 2-25 and 3-5 t ha" 1 , respectively, but yields were not increased further by 20-40 g tubers nor by 22-2 plants m~2. Small seedling tubers (< 5 g) can potentially lead to high stem numbers per unit weight of tubers, but their success in plant establishment was hampered in warm climates, especially in the presence of soil pathogens. Cool-climate-produced seedling tubers and tubers from cuttings can compete physiologically with field-produced seed tubers when used as planting materials in the warm tropics. However, with few exceptions, no crop from tubers produced under warm conditions could match the performance of crops from similar cool-produced tubers when planted out in the warm tropics.

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“…In addition to the widening of the genetic base from such crosses, an adequate level of disease resistance is necessary 9CIP, 1975). Work at CIP aiming at developing improved germplasm and agronomic practices for potato production in warm tropical environments continued in the 1980s (Midmore & Rhoades, 1987;Midmore et al, 1991;Midmore, 1992). The clones that were found to possess heat tolerance were those that initiated tuberisation under high temperatures, were more efficient in the conversion of intercepted radiation to dry matter under high temperatures and matured earlier than non tolerant clones.…”

Section: Breeding For Heat Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Potato Production in the Hot Tropical Areas of Africa: Progress Made in Breeding for Heat Tolerance

Muthoni¹,

Kabira²

2015

JAS

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Potato is a cool season crop and grows best between 15 and 18 o C and soil pH of 5.5 to 6.0. Temperatures above 21 o C have adverse effects on growth. In tropical Africa, potato is grown in the highlands at altitudes between 1500 and 3500 meters above sea level. These areas are characterized by cool temperatures with high rainfall of at least 1000 mm per annum. With climate change, these highlands are rapidly warming up. In addition, the rapidly increasing population and consequent diminishing land sizes in these highlands have forced farmers to migrate to the lower, warmer and drier areas, where the migrants have moved with their cropping systems including the potato. Most of the tropical African countries are poor with an exploding population; there is need to come up with strategies to feed this population. Although a short duration crop such as potato can go a long way in solving the food crisis, most of the locally available potato varieties do not do well under high temperatures. Measures such as planting of heat-tolerant varieties and/or late maturing varieties as well as cultural practices such as mulching and changing the planting date may contribute to alleviating the situation. This review paper looks at breeding heat-tolerant potato varieties as a means for profitable production of potatoes in the hot tropical African region.

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Potato production in the tropics

Cited by 19 publications

References 120 publications

Genotype by Environment Effects on Potato Mini-Tuber Seed Production in an Aeroponics System

Genotype by Environment Effects on Potato Mini-Tuber Seed Production in an Aeroponics System

Planting materials for warm tropic potato production: production and field performance of nursery-produced tubers

Potato Production in the Hot Tropical Areas of Africa: Progress Made in Breeding for Heat Tolerance

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