“…It is anticipated that around 8000 kilotons of PPW might be generated in 2030, with related greenhouse gas emissions of 5 million tons of CO 2 equivalent (Khanal et al, 2023 ). The huge quantity of PPW generated annually also draws interest to the innovative and value‐added conversion of this carbon‐rich waste to value‐added by‐products with microorganisms in fermenters; notably to biohydrogen (Cao et al, 2022 ; Javed et al, 2019 ), biogas (Javed et al, 2019 ; Wu, 2016 ), biobutanol (Kamboj & Ms, 2021 ), bioethanol (Awogbemi et al, 2022 ), lactic acid (Arapoglou et al, 2010 ; Javed et al, 2019 ; Liang & McDonald, 2015 ; Wu, 2016 ), and enzymes (Khanal et al, 2023 ).…”