Potato Glycoalkaloids: A Burden or a Blessing?

Valkonen, Jari P. T.; Keskitalo, Markus; Vasara, Tuija; Pietilä, Leena

doi:10.1080/713608127

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…It can be hypothesized that their pathways are simply inherited, or that there might be tbr genes that can break the pathways. In their review on potato GAs, Valkonen et al (1996) suggested that inheritance of certain GAs from some wild species may be monogenic, and thus it is possible to find absence of these GAs after only one or two backcrosses. The fact that in the hybrids analyzed we found no newly formed GAs is also important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Our results suggested that although there is little or no transport of GAs between different parts of the plants (Friedman and McDonald 1997), the five GAs studied here are synthetized both in the aerial part and in the tubers. Since most studies have demonstrated that GA synthesis is higher in organs with great metabolic activity (Maga 1994;Valkonen et al 1996), it is expected that the GA quantity in leaves of our hybrids reaches higher concentrations than tubers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Glycoalkaloids and acclimation capacity of hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and the incongruent hardy species Solanum commersonii

et al. 2003

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F(1) and backcross hybrids between sexually incompatible species Solanum commersonii and Solanum tuberosum were characterized for glycoalkaloid content and capacity to cold acclimate. Glycoalkaloid (GA) analysis revealed that F(1) triploids and BC(1) pentaploids contained the glycoalkaloids of both parents. In BC(2) (near) tetraploids the situation was different, in that some hybrids produced the GAs of both parents, whereas others contained only the GAs of S. tuberosum. This suggested that the GAs from S. commersonii may be lost rapidly, and that they may have a simple genetic control. The total tuber GA content of BC(1) and BC(2) groups averaged quite acceptable levels (165.9 mg/kg in BC(1) and 192.8 mg/kg in BC(2)), with six genotypes having a GA content <200 mg/kg fresh weight. The F(1) triploid hybrids expressed a capacity to cold acclimate similar to S. commersonii, whereas BC(1) and BC(2) genotypes generally displayed an acclimation capacity higher than the sensitive parent but lower than S. commersonii. However, one BC(1) and two BC(2) genotypes with an acclimation capacity as high as S. commersonii were identified. The polar lipid fatty acid composition in S. commersonii and its hybrid derivatives showed that, following acclimation, there was a significant increase in 18:3. Correlation analysis between the capacity to cold acclimate and the increase in 18:3 was significant, suggesting that the increase in 18:3 can be used as a biochemical marker for the assisted selection of cold-acclimating genotypes in segregating populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glycoalkaloids and acclimation capacity of hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and the incongruent hardy species Solanum commersonii

et al. 2003

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“…The highest concentration of tuber SGA has been detected in the 1.5 mm layer of tissue located immediately under the skin (Valkonen et al 1996). The potato periderm is composed of the outer layers of the skin, i.e., suberized phellem cells derived from a single-cell meristematic layer, the phellogen; inward cell divisions of the phellogen give rise to the parenchyma-like phelloderm (Reeve et al 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms of SGA poisoning include gastrointestinal disorders, confusion, hallucinations, partial paralysis, convulsions, coma and even death (Smith et al 1996). As SGA are not destroyed during cooking or frying (Smith et al 1996), commercial cultivars have been bred to contain low levels; their content in tubers should not exceed 20 mg/100 g fresh weight (Valkonen et al 1996). However, several factors associated with growth, harvest and postharvest treatments, such as drought (Bejarano et al 2000), high temperature (Lafta and Lorenzen 2000), light exposure of tubers (Dale et al 1993;Percival et al 1994) and wounding (Bergenstråhle et al 1992;Choi et al 1994), can increase tuber SGA content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potato steroidal glycoalkaloid levels and the expression of key isoprenoid metabolic genes

Krits

Fogelman

Ginzberg

2007

Planta

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The potato steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA) are toxic secondary metabolites, and their total content in tubers should not exceed 20 mg/100 g fresh weight. The two major SGA in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) are alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine. SGA biosynthetic genes and the genetic factors that control their expression have not yet been determined. In the present study, potato genotypes exhibiting different levels of SGA content showed an association between high SGA levels in their leaves and tubers and high expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase 1 (hmg1) and squalene synthase 1 (pss1), genes of the mevalonic/isoprenoid pathway. Transcripts of other key enzymes of branches of the isoprenoid pathway, vetispiradiene/sesquiterpene synthase (pvs1) and sterol C24-methyltransferase type1 (smt1), were undetectable or exhibited stable expression regardless of SGA content, respectively, suggesting facilitated precursor flow to the SGA biosynthetic branch. The transcript ratio of solanidine glucosyltransferase (sgt2) to solanidine galactosyltransferase (sgt1) was correlated to the documented chaconine-to-solanine ratio in the tested genotypes. Significantly higher expression of hmg1, pss1, smt1, sgt1 and sgt2 was monitored in the tuber phelloderm than in the parenchyma of the tuber's flesh, targeting the former as the main SGA-producing tissue in the tuber, in agreement with the known high SGA content in the layers directly under the tuber skin.

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“…and tomatoes (Lycopersicon spp.). While in commercial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) the major SGAs are a-solanine and a-chaconine, which are glycosylated derivatives of the aglycone solanidine [3][4][5], in tomatoes a-tomatine is present which correspondent aglycone is known to be tomatidine [6]. It has been suggested that all these secondary metabolites of plants probably are produced as protective compounds in response to tissue invasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of glycoalkaloids and relative aglycones by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry

Bianco

Schmitt‐Kopplin²,

Benedetto³

et al. 2002

Electrophoresis

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Glycoalkaloids are naturally occurring nitrogen-containing compounds present in many species of the family Solanaceae, including cultivated and wild potatoes (Solanum spp.), tomatoes (Lycopersicon spp.), etc. These compounds have pharmacological and toxicological effects on humans due to their significant anticholinesterase activity and disruption of cell membranes. Herein is reported the development of a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method using nonaqueous (NA) separation solutions in combination with ion trap mass spectrometry (MS and MS/MS) detection for the identification and quantification of glycoalkaloids and their relative aglycones. A mixture 90:10 v/v of MeCN-MeOH containing 50 mM ammonium acetate and 1.2 M acetic acid (applied voltage of 25.5 kV) was selected as a good compromise for the separation and detection of these compounds. The electrospray MS measurements were carried out in the positive ionization mode using a coaxial sheath liquid, methanol-water (1:1) with 1% of acetic acid at a flow rate of 2.5 microL/min. Under optimized experimental conditions, the predominant ion was the protonated molecular ion ([M+H](+)) of solanidine (m/z = 398), tomatidine (m/z = 416), chaconine (m/z = 852), solanine (m/z = 868), and tomatine (m/z = 1034). MS/MS experiments were carried out systematically by changing the relative collisional energy and monitoring the intensities of the fragment ions that were not high enough to allow better quantification than with the mother ions. The method was used for analyzing glycoalkaloids in potato extracts.

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Potato Glycoalkaloids: A Burden or a Blessing?

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Glycoalkaloids and acclimation capacity of hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and the incongruent hardy species Solanum commersonii

Glycoalkaloids and acclimation capacity of hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and the incongruent hardy species Solanum commersonii

Potato steroidal glycoalkaloid levels and the expression of key isoprenoid metabolic genes

Determination of glycoalkaloids and relative aglycones by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry

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