Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in
            <i>In Vitro</i>
            and
            <i>In Vivo</i>
            Studies

Wen, Xiang; Zhang, Xiaoshen; Szewczyk, Grzegorz; El-Hussein, Ahmed; Huang, Ying‐Ying; Sarna, Tadeusz; Hamblin, Michael R.

doi:10.1128/aac.00467-17

Cited by 104 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In light of the surprising findings that aPDI mediated by PF was potentiated by KI, we went on to test another PS that operates primarily by the Type 2 mechanism, namely Rose Bengal (RB) [25] (Figure 2(e)). RB was also largely inactive in killing gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Effects Of Potassium Iodidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts

Hamblin

2017

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Introduction Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of non-toxic dyes excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can destroy all classes of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Selectivity of killing microbes over host mammalian cells allows this approach (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, aPDT) to be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic approach for localized infections especially those that are drug-resistant. Areas covered We have discovered that aPDI can be potentiated (up to 6 logs of extra killing) by the addition of simple inorganic salts. The most powerful and versatile salt is potassium iodide, but potassium bromide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium azide and sodium nitrite also show potentiation. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. Another mechanism involves two-electron oxidation of iodide/bromide to form hypohalites. A third mechanism involves a one-electron oxidation of azide anion to form azide radical. Expert commentary The addition of iodide has been shown to improve the performance of aPDT in several animal models of localized infection. KI is non-toxic and is an approved drug for antifungal therapy, so its transition to clinical use in aPDT should be straightforward.

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Section: Effects Of Potassium Iodidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a mouse model of a partial thickness skin wound (abrasion) to test the novel combination (RB + KI + 540 nm) in vivo [25]. We chose P. aeruginosa as the bacterial pathogen for the following reasons.…”

Section: In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts

Hamblin

2017

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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“…This was somewhat unusual, as most published reports show that Gram-positive species are considerably more susceptible than Gram-negative species to almost all aPDI approaches. It is known that the Gram-negative double membrane barrier excludes non-cationic PS such as RB [10], and moreover that extracellularly produced singlet oxygen cannot easily diffuse into Gram-negative cells [20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is potentiated by the addition of selenocyanate: Possible involvement of selenocyanogen?

Huang

Xuan

Kozińska

et al. 2018

Journal of Biophotonics

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We previously showed that antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria mediated by the phenothiazinium dye, methylene blue (MB), was potentiated by the addition of potassium thiocyanate (10 mM). The mechanism was suggested to involve a singlet oxygen-mediated reaction with SCN to form sulfite and cyanide and then to produce sulfur trioxide radical anion. We now report that potassium selenocyanate (concentrations up to 100 mM) can also potentiate (up to 6 logs of killing) aPDI mediated by a number of different photosensitizers (PS): MB, rose bengal and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin dihydrochloride (as low as 200 nM). When a mixture of selenocyanate with these PS in solution was illuminated and then bacteria were added after the light, there was up to 6 logs of killing (Gram-negative > Gram-positive) but the antibacterial species decayed rapidly (by 20 minutes). Our hypothesis to explain this antibacterial activity is the formation of selenocyanogen (SeCN) by reaction with singlet oxygen ( O ) as shown by quenching of O by SeCN and increased photoconsumption of oxygen. The fact that lead tetraacetate reacted with SeCN (literature preparation of (SeCN) ) also produced a short-lived antibacterial species supports this hypothesis.

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“…Although not directly toxic, KI probably exerts its cidal and antibiofilm effects after in-vivo conversion to iodine by neutrophils-generated myeloperoxidase [17, 18]. It also potentiates the antibiofilm effect of PDT [19]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Peeling as an Innovative Treatment Alternative to Oral Antifungals for Onychomycosis in Special Circumstances

Sonthalia¹,

Jakhar²,

Yadav³

et al. 2019

Skin Appendage Disord

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Toe nail onychomycosis (ONM) is a common problem in elderly patients. Treatment in diabetic patients with associated comorbidities such as congestive heart failure becomes a challenge. Oral antifungals are best avoided owing to most of them being contraindicated or unsafe due to comorbidities and/or risk of drug interactions stemming from polypharmacy. Topical agents alone are not effective. Unlike isolated ONM in healthy and younger patients, ONM involving multiple nails in geriatric and diabetic patients warrants treatment as it serves as a source of recurrent tinea of the feet and other sites, and even contributes to formation of diabetic foot ulcers. Long-pulsed Nd:YAG and fractional CO₂ laser (in addition to antifungals) have been reported to provide gratifying results in toe nail ONM. But high treatment cost is a major limitation. Nail peeling with glycolic acid (GA) and low-concentration croton-oil free phenol (CFP) peels have been used in different nail conditions but not specifically for ONM. We report the successful use of Black peel (a superficial-to-medium depth peel used typically for anti-acne and cosmetic indications), a combination of 50% black acetic acid, 0.5% salicylic acid, 6% tetrahydrojasmonic acid, 10% bio sulphur, and 0.1% potassium iodide, in two difficult cases with ONM of multiple nails, the rationale of use being the additional anti-fungal effects of all the peel components.

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Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Cited by 104 publications

References 40 publications

Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts

Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts

Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is potentiated by the addition of selenocyanate: Possible involvement of selenocyanogen?

Chemical Peeling as an Innovative Treatment Alternative to Oral Antifungals for Onychomycosis in Special Circumstances

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