Potassium Channels: Structures, Diseases, and Modulators

Tian, Chuan; Zhu, Rong; Zhu, Lixin; Qiu, Tianyi; Cao, Zhen; Kang, Ting-Guo

doi:10.1111/cbdd.12237

Cited by 84 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 251 publications

(303 reference statements)

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“…Stimulation of VGKCs by depolarizing membrane potentials leads to opening of these channels and causes the hyperpolarization of excitable cells. The VGKCs are broadly distributed throughout the mammalian tissues and play vital roles in dampening cellular excitability under several pathological and physiological conditions (Maljevic and Lerche, 2013; Tian et al, 2014). Some of the physiological functions of K + channels include determining the action potential duration, changing the interspike intervals during repetitive firing of the heart and neurons, secreting K + in epithelial tissue, and causing smooth muscle contractions (Maljevic and Lerche, 2013; Tian et al, 2014).…”

Section: Effects Of Menthol On Ion Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Targets of Menthol Actions

et al. 2017

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Menthol belongs to monoterpene class of a structurally diverse group of phytochemicals found in plant-derived essential oils. Menthol is widely used in pharmaceuticals, confectionary, oral hygiene products, pesticides, cosmetics, and as a flavoring agent. In addition, menthol is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. Recently, there has been renewed awareness in comprehending the biological and pharmacological effects of menthol. TRP channels have been demonstrated to mediate the cooling actions of menthol. There has been new evidence demonstrating that menthol can significantly influence the functional characteristics of a number of different kinds of ligand and voltage-gated ion channels, indicating that at least some of the biological and pharmacological effects of menthol can be mediated by alterations in cellular excitability. In this article, we examine the results of earlier studies on the actions of menthol with voltage and ligand-gated ion channels.

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Section: Effects Of Menthol On Ion Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Targets of Menthol Actions

et al. 2017

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“…Potassium channels form a diverse family of ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins that are crucial for a number of important physiological functions (Tian et al, 2014). In particular, K + fluxes are essential for the membrane excitability of neurons and muscles (Choe, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of an ancestral hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated K+-channel in branchial acid-base regulation in the green crab,Carcinus maenas(L.)

Fehsenfeld

Weihrauch

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Numerous electrophysiological studies on branchial K + transport in brachyuran crabs have established an important role for potassium channels in osmoregulatory ion uptake and ammonia excretion in the gill epithelium of decapod crustaceans. However, hardly anything is known of the actual nature of these channels in crustaceans. In the present study, the identification of a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel (HCN) in the transcriptome of the green crab Carcinus maenas and subsequent performance of quantitative real-time PCR revealed the ubiquitous expression of this channel in this species. Even though mRNA expression levels in the cerebral ganglion were found to be approximately 10 times higher compared with all other tissues, posterior gills still expressed significant levels of HCN, indicating an important role for this transporter in branchial ion regulation. The relatively unspecific K + -channel inhibitor Ba 2+ , as well as the HCN-specific blocker ZD7288, as applied in gill perfusion experiments and electrophysiological studies employing the split gill lamellae revealed the presence of at least two different K + /NH 4 + -transporting structures in the branchial epithelium of C. maenas. Furthermore, HCN mRNA levels in posterior gill 7 decreased significantly in response to the respiratory or metabolic acidosis that was induced by acclimation of green crabs to high environmental P CO2 and ammonia, respectively. Consequently, the present study provides first evidence that HCNpromoted NH 4 + epithelial transport is involved in both branchial acidbase and ammonia regulation in an invertebrate.

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“…These channels occur both in the CNS and peripheral organs, including the heart, kidney and lungs; they play major roles in normal physiologic processes and contribute to pathologies as diverse as cancer and diabetes (see 88,95,317,319,481,528,548,554 for reviews of K + channels in the brain). Under most conditions, opening of these channels results in an increased flow of K + ions out of the cell and, consequently, a shift toward a more hyperpolarized membrane potential.…”

Section: Neurotransmitters and Peptides Exerting State-dependent Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Control of the Upper Airway: Respiratory and State‐Dependent Mechanisms

Kubin

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

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Upper airway muscles subserve many essential for survival orofacial behaviors, including their important role as accessory respiratory muscles. In the face of certain predisposition of craniofacial anatomy, both tonic and phasic inspiratory activation of upper airway muscles is necessary to protect the upper airway against collapse. This protective action is adequate during wakefulness, but fails during sleep which results in recurrent episodes of hypopneas and apneas, a condition known as the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Although OSA is almost exclusively a human disorder, animal models help unveil the basic principles governing the impact of sleep on breathing and upper airway muscle activity. This article discusses the neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and neurophysiology of the different neuronal systems whose activity changes with sleep-wake states, such as the noradrenergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, orexinergic, histaminergic, GABAergic and glycinergic, and their impact on central respiratory neurons and upper airway motoneurons. Observations of the interactions between sleep-wake states and upper airway muscles in healthy humans and OSA patients are related to findings from animal models with normal upper airway, and various animal models of OSA, including the chronic-intermittent hypoxia model. Using a framework of upper airway motoneurons being under concurrent influence of central respiratory, reflex and state-dependent inputs, different neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides are considered as either causing a sleep-dependent withdrawal of excitation from motoneurons or mediating an active, sleep-related inhibition of motoneurons. Information about the neurochemistry of state-dependent control of upper airway muscles accumulated to date reveals fundamental principles and may help understand and treat OSA.

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Potassium Channels: Structures, Diseases, and Modulators

Cited by 84 publications

References 251 publications

Cellular and Molecular Targets of Menthol Actions

Cellular and Molecular Targets of Menthol Actions

The role of an ancestral hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated K+-channel in branchial acid-base regulation in the green crab,Carcinus maenas(L.)

Neural Control of the Upper Airway: Respiratory and State‐Dependent Mechanisms

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