Potassium-catalysed gasification of carbon with steam: a temperature-programmed desorption and Fourier Transform infrared study

Freriks, Ivo L.; Wechem, H.M.H. Van; Stuiver, J.C.M.; Bouwman, R.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(81)90104-6

Cited by 88 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…exhaust temperature range) the molecular bonding of the non-bridging oxygen atoms within the Si matrix is weaker which allows for an increase in chemical degradation, allowing for an increase in the K content on the surface. In the presence of CO 2 , the surface potassium readily forms K 2 CO 3 [22][23][24]. At temperatures near or exceeding the T s there appears to be a change in the precipitation mechanism.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Testing Of Bare Glass Catalystmentioning

confidence: 92%

Catalytic diesel soot oxidation by hydrothermally stable glass catalysts

Zokoe

McGinn

2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Section: Hydrothermal Testing Of Bare Glass Catalystmentioning

confidence: 92%

Catalytic diesel soot oxidation by hydrothermally stable glass catalysts

Zokoe

McGinn

2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…29) It is thus speculated as one possibility that de novo synthesis in the presence of K 2 CO 3 occurs via the following mechanism. HCl (and/or Cl 2 ) once-evolved in the sintering process might react with C-O Ϫ -K ϩ produced by the interaction between K 2 CO 3 ( Table 2) and carbon active sites (C( )) to provide Cl-containing intermediates, for example, C-O…”

Section: Possible Routes For De Novo Synthesis Of Organicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Dust Particles Sampled from Windboxes of an Iron Ore Sintering Plant: Surface Structures of Unburned Carbon

et al. 2006

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Aiming to understand the formation mechanism of dioxins in the iron ore sintering process, dust samples obtained from some windboxes of a commercial iron ore sintering plant have been characterized with a powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and by the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and temperatureprogrammed oxidation (TPO) techniques. The elemental and XRD analyses reveal that the content of the Cl present in the samples ranges from 0.075 mass%-dry to 5.1 mass%-dry and tends to be higher at smaller dust particles, and that some of the Cl exists as KCl with the average crystalline size between 40 nm and 50 nm. Dust samples also contain a significant amount of unburned carbon, and the smallest dust particles, Ͻ500 mm, show the highest C contents in many cases and consist partly of C, K, and Cl elements. The TPD and TPO experiments exhibit that the dust samples have several types of oxygen functional forms on the carbon surface, and the proportion of carboxyl and lactone/acid anhydride groups, which can be partly decomposed into CO 2 and carbon active sites at 150 to 500°C, tends to be larger at smaller dust particles. On the basis of the above results, the formation mechanism of chlorinated organic compounds including dioxins is discussed in term of interactions among HCl (and/or Cl 2 ), metallic chlorides, and carbon active sites.

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“…Figure 3 also reveals that the rates for exchanged coals are nearly equal to those for the carbonate-impregnated coals. Such a similar reactivity would be expected, because even the impregnated carbonate can form well-dispersed surface compounds in a temperature region of gasification (Freriks et al, 1981;Mims et al, 1982), similarly as in the case of the exchanged alkali. Table I shows two reactivity data for the exchanged sample prepared with Ca(OH)2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Steam gasification of brown coal using sodium chloride and potassium chloride catalysts

Takarada¹,

Nabatame²,

Ohtsuka³

et al. 1989

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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T h e new utilization of NaCl and KC1 as raw materials for catalyst gasification has been studied.An alkali metal can be readily ion-exchanged to brown coal from an aqueous solution of alkali chloride using NH3 or Ca(OH), as a pH-adjusting agent. C1 ions from alkali chloride can be completely removed by a simple water washing. Such a C1-free catalyst markedly promotes the steam gasification of brown coal a t 923 K; the rate for the exchanged coal at the largest loading (5.2 wt % N a or 9.7 w t % K) is 20-30 times that for the original coal. Rate enhancement by a C1-free alkali metal catalyst is the same as t h a t by the impregnated alkali carbonate catalyst. T h e chemical form of the alkali species during gasification and after ashing is alkali carbonate, which can easily be recovered with water.

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Potassium-catalysed gasification of carbon with steam: a temperature-programmed desorption and Fourier Transform infrared study

Cited by 88 publications

References 8 publications

Catalytic diesel soot oxidation by hydrothermally stable glass catalysts

Catalytic diesel soot oxidation by hydrothermally stable glass catalysts

Properties of Dust Particles Sampled from Windboxes of an Iron Ore Sintering Plant: Surface Structures of Unburned Carbon

Steam gasification of brown coal using sodium chloride and potassium chloride catalysts

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