Potassium and Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiological Evidence

Cai, Xianlei; Li, Xueying; Fan, Wenjie; Yu, Wanqi; Wang, Shan; Li, Zhenhong; Scott, E. Marian; Li, Xiuyang

doi:10.3390/nu8040183

Cited by 69 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…People who eat more vegetables and fruits had a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome, while fruits and vegetables were the main source of potassium intake (Aune et al, 2017). A meta-analysis demonstrated a protective effect of adequate potassium intake on obesity and metabolic syndrome (Cai et al, 2016). It is possible that potassium can affect carbohydrate accumulation and glucose homeostasis (Mariosa et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between dietary mineral nutrient intake, body mass index, and waist circumference in U.S. adults using quantile regression analysis NHANES 2007–2014

Jiang¹,

Ma²,

Li³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Objective Mineral nutrients play an important role in maintaining material and energy metabolism. Reports on mineral nutrient intakes and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are rare in the United States. This study examined the relationship between BMI, WC and dietary mineral intakes. Method We used the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014. Nutrient intakes were adjusted for energy according to the residual adjustment method. We used the quantile regression model to analyze the relationship between BMI, WC under different distributions and the average daily mineral intakes. Result A total of 19,952 people were included in the study, including 9,879 men and 10,073 women (≥20 years old). The median BMI was 27.935 kg/m2 and the median WC was 97.700 cm. The results of quantile regression showed that calcium, magnesium, potassium, copper, zinc and iron intakes were negatively correlated with BMI and WC, after adjusting for age and gender. Sodium and phosphorus intakes were positively correlated with BMI, sodium intakes were positively correlated with WC. This correlation was enhanced with increasing quantiles of risk levels. In high BMI or high WC populations, mineral intakes had a greater impact on BMI and WC. The quantile regression coefficients of selenium intakes were not statistically significant at each quantile. Conclusion Our results suggested that the mineral nutrient intakes were associated with BMI and WC in American adults. However, we also need to further study the longitudinal effects of mineral intakes and obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between dietary mineral nutrient intake, body mass index, and waist circumference in U.S. adults using quantile regression analysis NHANES 2007–2014

Jiang¹,

Ma²,

Li³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…It has been demonstrated that globally, 1.65 million annual deaths related to CVD were attributed to inadequate sodium intake [ 72 ]. In contrast, potassium per se has been not univocally reported as beneficial for health [ 73 ], while sodium-to-potassium ratio has been suggested as a potential marker for metabolic risk disorders [ 74 , 75 , 76 ]. A major dietary source of sodium has been commonly reported to be “added salt” and processed meat [ 77 ], but in this sample we found that the main contributor of sodium intake was grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Micronutrient and Mineral Intake in the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Ageing, and Lifestyle (MEAL) Study

et al. 2018

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Background: Dietary vitamins and minerals are essential compounds for the proper functioning of metabolic enzymes, regulation of gene transcription, and powering the body’s defense against oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate micronutrient consumption separately by age and sex, major dietary sources, and percentage of individuals meeting the recommended requirements according to Italian (Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti (LARN)) and European (European Food Safety Agency (EFSA)) agencies. Methods: Data were obtained from the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Ageing, and Lifestyle (MEAL) study, which included a sample of 1838 individuals randomly collected in the city of Catania, southern Italy. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on diet. Results: Intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin B group (except vitamin B9) was in line with other reports and was adequate according to the guidelines, while the percentage of individuals meeting the guidelines for vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin B9 was about 3%, 10%, and 40%, respectively. Among minerals, intake of iron, magnesium, and selenium was adequate for most of the sample, while the percentage of individuals meeting the recommendations for calcium, sodium, and potassium intake was about 20%, 8%, and 35%, respectively. Conclusions: An important percentage of the population would benefit from campaigns raising awareness of micronutrient deficiency or excessive consumption potentially affecting their health.

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“…The impact of low K on metabolic disorders is mediated partly by the decrease of nitric oxide level and deterioration of endothelial function (30) , which may cause hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance (31) . Previous studies have examined the association of Na or K intake alone with the MetS, although the results had been controversial (17,(20)(21)(22)32) . Rodrigues et al (21) found that no differences were observed in urinary Na excretion in normotensive individuals, regardless of the presence of MetS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of dietary sodium:potassium ratio with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults

Guo

Jin

et al. 2018

Br J Nutr

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Several epidemiological studies have investigated that Na or K intakes might be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little evidence has evaluated the association between Na:K ratio and the MetS. In this study, we assessed the association between the dietary Na:K ratio and the MetS. The cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years and older in Nanjing, using a multi-stage random sampling method, which resulted in a sample size of 1993 participants. Dietary Na and K intakes were assessed by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection combined with condiments weighing method. Health-related data were obtained by standardised questionnaires, as well as physical examinations and laboratory assessments. The prevalence rate of the MetS was 36·5 % (728/1993). After adjusting for various lifestyle and dietary factors of the MetS, participants in the highest quartile of dietary Na:K ratio were at a higher risk of developing MetS (OR=1·602; 95 % CI 1·090, 2·353) compared with those in the lowest quartile. Each 1-sd increase in dietary Na:K ratio was associated with a higher risk of prevalent MetS (OR=1·166; 95 % CI: 1·018, 1·336). Among the components of the MetS, dietary Na:K ratio was positively associated with high blood pressure (quartile 3 v. quartile 1: OR=1·656; 95 % CI 1·228, 2·256) and hypertriacylglycerolaemia (quartile 4 v. quartile1: OR=1·305; 95 % CI 1·029, 1·655) in multivariate analysis. These results revealed that higher dietary Na:K ratio significantly increased the risk of the MetS in Chinese adults. Further studies are needed to verify this association.

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Potassium and Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiological Evidence

Cited by 69 publications

References 37 publications

Association between dietary mineral nutrient intake, body mass index, and waist circumference in U.S. adults using quantile regression analysis NHANES 2007–2014

Association between dietary mineral nutrient intake, body mass index, and waist circumference in U.S. adults using quantile regression analysis NHANES 2007–2014

Dietary Micronutrient and Mineral Intake in the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Ageing, and Lifestyle (MEAL) Study

Association of dietary sodium:potassium ratio with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults

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