Potassium and ammonium interactions in nutrition of tomato cultivars and mutants

Barker, Allen V.; Lachman, W. H.

doi:10.1080/01904168609363420

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In general, added NH 4 has increased intake of P0 4 , S0 4 , and Cl; decreased intake of N0 3 , K, Ca, Mn, and Zn; and enhanced release of protons (Kirkby and Mengel, 1967;Rosen and Carlson, 1984;Bashan and Levanony, 1989). The considerable differences in the concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg in the roots and tops of the NH.t-and N0 3 -grown plants (Table 1) is in accord with earlier observations; however, the severe deficiencies of K and Ca reported by Barker and Lachman (1986), Findenegg (1987), Murtadha et al, (1988), and others (see Goyal and Huffaker, 1984) were precluded in these ex· periments by the high levels supplied. Accumulation of Ca from the pH 6 buffered, rate-of-NH 4 cultures (Fig.…”

Section: Ammonium Effects On Uptake Of Other Nutrient Ionssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Plant species differ in their ability to utilize N0 3 and NH 4 singly, and for many a mixture is most suitable (Haynes and Gob, 1978). The effects of mixed systems differ with species, age, and the ratio of NH 4 to N0 3 supplied (Barker and Lachman, 1986;Hageman, 1984;Findenegg, 1987;Murtadha et al, 1988). In addition to the effects on growth rates noted above, NH 4 added to N0 3 cultures increases shoot/root ratios, leaf protein concentration, and the rate of C0 2 assimilation (Weissman, 1964;Murata, 1969;Haynes and Gob, 1978).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Nature and Characterization of Ammonium Effects on Wheat and Tomato

Gill

Reisenauer

1993

Agronomy Journal

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The very significant yield increases obtained by adding NH 4 to N0 3supplying hydroponic cultures have, for unknown reaso1~s, not been duplicated in soil systems. This research was conducted tu consolidate and extend our knowledge of the effects of added NH. on plant processes, and to define the plant and culture characteristics requisi1te to optimal utilization of mixed N sources. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Anza) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. 6718 VF) were grown in solution cultures providing variables of N source (N0 3 , NH 4 , and NH 4 N0 3 ), culture buffering, and concentration of NH 4 and NH 3 (aq). Treatment effects on plant growth and composition were evaluated. Wheat grew best in NH 4 N0 3 culture, equally well in ]110 3 or NH 4 cultures buffered at pH 6, and poorest in unbuffered NH 4 cultures. Growth enhancement with NH 4 N0 3 was accompanied by increased N intake and synthesis of protein. Lowered yields in unbuffered NH 4 cultures were associated with H + injury to the roots and reduced intake of N and nutrient cations. Toxic effects of NH 4 pel' se occurred when culture concentrations exceeded 16 mmol L -• for nots. Severity or toxicity was associated with abnormally high root and shoot amide concentrations, and tissue levels of unassimilated NH 4 exceeding 50 mmol kg-'. In alkaline cultures, NH 3 (aq) concentrations greater than 0.028 mmol L·' for tomato and 0.15 mmol L·' for wheat reduced top growth, and destroyed the structure and functioning of roots. These detrimental effects of NH 3 (aq) were related to its concentration in the culture, not to tissue NH 4 • Y IELDS OF SEVERAL CROPS have been increased by 40 to 70% by adding NH 4 to NOrsupplying hydroponic cultures (Weissman, 1964;Cox and Reisenauer, 1973;Blacquiere et al., 1988; Herberer and Below, 1989). In contrast, enhanced NH 4 supply in greenhouse soil cultures has increased crop yield an average of only 11% (Malhi et al., 1988;Camberato and Bock, 1990;Hagin et al., 1990), and in field experiments with corn (Zea mays L.) summarized by Hoeft (1984) by a mere 7%. The reasons for this wide discrepancy in data from hydroponic and soil systems are not immediately apparent. Both N0 3 and NH 4 are readily absorbed by plants and their N utilized as a constituent of identical organic compounds. They differ in that their absorption and metabolism require different ionic equilibria in which both organic and inorganic cations and anions have a part (I

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Section: Ammonium Effects On Uptake Of Other Nutrient Ionssupporting

confidence: 82%

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confidence: 97%

Nature and Characterization of Ammonium Effects on Wheat and Tomato

Gill

Reisenauer

1993

Agronomy Journal

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“…Marginal necrosis of laminae and lesions on stems are symptoms of K deficiency (10,11). The depression of K concentrations to below 1% of stem dry weight appears necessary for stem lesion development with NO3" nutrition, whereas lesions develop at values well above 1% K with NH4 + nutrition (12,14). Nutrition with Ca(N03)2 in some cases in the present study depressed the stem K concentrations to under 1%, and lesion formation was associated with these low levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Higher levels of K are required to avoid K deficiency if tomato is grown on NH^ nutrition than on N03* nutrition (10,12,13,14). Marginal necrosis of laminae and lesions on stems are symptoms of K deficiency (10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Growth and composition of tomato as affected by source of nitrogen and biocides

Barker

Ready

1989

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Tomato (Lvcopersicon esculentum Mill.) was grown in soil culture in a greenhouse. Potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and urea as N sources were compared using biocides (nitrapymn, captan, treflan, and DDT) and an untreated control. The largest shoot growth and fruit yields were obtained with plants fertilized with potassium nitrate. Potassium deficiency, manifested by leaf and stem necrosis and low levels of K in these tissues, appeared to be a limiting factor for the plants receiving urea or calcium nitrate. The depression of leaf and stem K by NH 4 + or Ca ++ was associated with the antagonism of these ions on K + absorption. The biocides limited plant growth especially with urea and potassium nitrate. Depression of K, Ca, or Mg concentrations in the plants were effects associated with the biocides and their interactions with N sources. 95

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