Postweaning Performance of Pigs from Gilts Fed Diets High and Low in Protein during Gestation and Lactation

Abstract

T WO experiments involving 296 pigs from gilts fed diets containing low (2%) or adequate (17%) protein during gestation followed by 5% or 17% during lactation were conducted to determine the effect of maternal dietary protein level on performance of the progeny. Blood hematocrit, hemoglobin and plasma protein levels were not affected by the dietary treatments imposed on the dam during gestation. In the first experiment, pigs reared by dams fed adequate protein diets during gestation and lactation retained less (P<.01) of the absorbed nitrogen than pigs from gilts fed low protein. No significant differences in nitrogen utilization were observed in the second experiment. In experiment 1, rate of gain was greater (P<.05) and feed required per unit of gain was reduced in pigs reared by dams fed adequate protein as compared with the performance of pigs from dams fed an inadequate level of dietary protein, indicating that a lasting effect existed in progeny owing to the lactation treatment or gestation carryover effects in the rearing dam. The differences in gain and feed/gain responses in the second experiment were not statistically significant (P<.05).Low protein intake, 45 g per day, during gestation did not significantly (P<.05) affect postweaning performance of the pigs, although a trend toward slower gains by pigs from dams fed low protein during gestation did exist. However, gestation or gestation and lactation treatment apparently influenced quantity or quality of milk produced by the dam and therefore lactation treatment did affect subsequent growth of the progeny. It appears that swine are not as sensitive as rats to protein restriction during gestation and lactation.

ASAS Centennial Paper: Landmark discoveries in swine nutrition in the past century12

“…The findings in the 1970s that decreased protein levels had little effect on litter size compared with previously recommended protein levels was also important. In fact, some studies showed that sows could be fed extremely low protein levels during gestation without affecting litter size or pig weights, but it had a dramatic negative effect on milk production during the subsequent lactation period and on return to estrus (Pond et al, 1963;DeGeeter et al, 1972DeGeeter et al, , 1973.…”