Postvaccinal Reovirus Infection with High Mortality in Breeder Chicks

Chénier, Sonia; Boulianne, Martine; Gagnon, Carl A.

doi:10.1637/10860-050914-case.1

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Avian reovirus (ARV) belongs to the genus of Reoviridae in the family of Reoviridae , and the viral genome is composed of dsRNA ( 135 – 137 ). Previous studies demonstrated that ARV could cause damages to lymphatic organs such as bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen, resulting in immunosuppression and reduced immune response to other secondary infections ( 138 , 139 ), but the research on the mechanism by which ARV evades innate immune response is lacking. It was found that σA could bind to dsRNA irreversibly, which inhibited the activation of dsRNA-dependent protein kinases, reducing the production of IFNs to resist the antiviral response in host ( 140 , 141 ).…”

Section: Innate Immune Evasion By Other Avian Immunosuppressive Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances on Innate Immune Evasion by Avian Immunosuppressive Viruses

Wang

Zheng

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Innate immunity is not only the first line of host defense against pathogenic infection, but also the cornerstone of adaptive immune response. Upon pathogenic infection, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of host engage pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of pathogens, which initiates IFN production by activating interferon regulatory transcription factors (IRFs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and/or activating protein-1 (AP-1) signal transduction pathways in host cells. In order to replicate and survive, pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to evade host innate immune responses, including IFN-I signal transduction, autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, inflammasome and/or metabolic pathways. Some avian viruses may not be highly pathogenic but they have evolved varied strategies to evade or suppress host immune response for survival, causing huge impacts on the poultry industry worldwide. In this review, we focus on the advances on innate immune evasion by several important avian immunosuppressive viruses (infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Marek’s disease virus (MDV), avian leukosis virus (ALV), etc.), especially their evasion of PRRs-mediated signal transduction pathways (IFN-I signal transduction pathway) and IFNAR-JAK-STAT signal pathways. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which avian viruses evade or suppress host immune responses will be of help to the development of novel vaccines and therapeutic reagents for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in chickens.

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Section: Innate Immune Evasion By Other Avian Immunosuppressive Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances on Innate Immune Evasion by Avian Immunosuppressive Viruses

Wang

Zheng

2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…Antigenic shift, another evolutionary strategy, occurs when cognate genome segments reassort, and this mechanism is thought to be the driving force of the emergence of novel strains causing disease in poultry1. As a consequence of diverse evolutionary mechanisms, the commercially available ARV vaccines are not able to provide adequate protection against newly emerging field strains leading to outbreaks of disease in vaccinated poultry flocks111213.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lineage diversification, homo- and heterologous reassortment and recombination shape the evolution of chicken orthoreoviruses

Farkas

Marton

Dandár

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The near complete genome sequences of ten field avian orthoreovirus (ARV) strains collected from young chicken between 2002 and 2011 in Hungary have been determined in order to explore the genetic diversity and evolutionary mechanisms affecting ARVs in this region. Sequence analyses and phylogenetic calculations revealed similar geographic distribution and distinct evolution in case of eight studied strains that were closely related to the recently described Hungarian strain T1781. The remaining two strains showed the highest similarity with the US origin AVS-B. The topology of the phylogenetic trees of certain segments was affected by several potential homologous reassortment events between strains of Hungarian, Chinese and US origin. Analyzing the μB gene a possible heterologous reassortment event was identified in three Hungarian strains. Recombination events were detected in as much as a dozen cases implying that beside point mutations and reassorment this mechanism also plays an important role in the diversification of ARVs. All these mechanisms in concert may explain the reduced effectiveness of immunization using commercial vaccine strains.

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