Posture and hand load alter muscular response to sudden elbow perturbations

Holmes, Michael W.R.; Keir, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.11.006

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The sEMG activity was measured on the TB of a total of 402 subjects, and 262 and 140 subjects were used for the purpose of rehabilitation and sports performance, respectively. The studies on rehabilitation utilised sEMG electrodes to measure the TB activity of patients of stroke [21][22][23][24], spinal cord injury [25][26][27][28], cerebral palsy [29], gait disorder [8,30], fatigue injury [20,31], and joint stability injury [17] during their trials. In contrast, the sports-based studies applied sEMG electrodes to measure the TB activity of athletes during the following sports activities: tennis [32][33][34], karate [35,36], pole vaulting [37], swimming [38,39], and dart throwing [40].…”

Section: Descriptive Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A summary of the anthropometric variables of the subjects that were used for the rehabilitation-based and sports-based studies are presented in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. Bipolar Ag/AgCl 10-400 1,600 Lateral head During a karate punching movement (choku-zuki) on a fixed target (makiwara) Frère et al [37] Bipolar Ag/AgCl (10 mm) 10-700 2,500 Lateral head During the performance of between 5 and 10 vaults at 90% of the athlete's best performance Lohse et al [40] Bipolar Ag/AgCl (1 cm) 20-500 1,000 Long head During dart throwing Janssen-Potten et al [25] Bipolar Ag/AgCl (1 cm 2 ) Lateral and long head During a standardised arm and hand function task with a wheelchair Stirn et al [38] Bipolar Ag/AgCl (9 mm) 16-500 2,000 Long head During a 100-m front crawl swim at a maximum perceived effort level Holmes et al [17] Bipolar Ag/AgCl 10-1,000 2,048 Muscle belly During elbow extension using a combination of three body postures (standing, supine, and sitting) and three hand load conditions (none, solid, and fluid) Serrao et al [21] Bipolar Ag/AgCl (1 cm) 10-400 1,000 Lateral or long head…”

Section: Descriptive Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 23 selected studies, eighteen recorded the heads of the TB, whereas the four studies [8,17,32,39] focused the muscle belly of TB, and one study [22] did not mention the specific anatomical location on the TB used for the sEMG recordings. Of the 18 studies that analysed the TB heads, 12 studies [21, 23-25, 27, 29, 31, 33-37] focused on the lateral head, 11 studies [21, 24-26, 28, 30, 33-35, 38, 40] analysed the long head, and three studies [20,24,31] focused on the medial head.…”

Section: Research Question 2: Which Anatomical Locations On the Tb Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bipolar Ag/AgCl sEMG electrodes have been placed on the muscle belly of the TB with an interelectrode distance of 25 mm [17], and the study [8] did not provide the interelectrode distance. The other studies placed a linear array of four silver bar sEMG electrodes using an interelectrode distance of 10 mm [32], and bipolar gold sEMG electrodes with an interelectrode distance of 20 mm [39] on the muscle belly of the TB.…”

Section: Muscle Belly Of the Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Moore and Dalley [15] noted that the TB also plays a role in stabilising the abducted glenohumeral joint by resisting the inferior displacement of the humeral head due to its bi-articular nature. The bi-articular structure of the TB indicates that its length must also be influenced by changes of torque direction [16], and its contribution to elbow joint stability may reduce the injury risk caused by sudden elbow loading [17]. Hollinshead [18] reported the anatomical locations of TB: the long head originates from the infraglenoid tubercle, the lateral head originates from the humerus superior to the radial groove and the lateral intermuscular septum, and the medial head extends from the humerus inferior to the radial groove and the medial intermuscular septum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Observations in Surface Electromyography Recording of Triceps Brachii Muscle in Patients and Athletes

Ali

Sundaraj

Ahmad

et al. 2014

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Abstract. OBJECTIVE:To observe and analyse the literature on the use of surface electromyography electrodes, including the shape, size, and metal composition of the electrodes used, the interelectrode distance, and the anatomical locations on the muscle at which the electrodes are placed, for the observation of the triceps brachii muscle activity in patients and athletes. METHODS: We searched the ScienceDirect and SpringerLink online databases for articles published in the English language during the last six years (between January 2008 and December 2013). We specifically searched for the keywords "EMG" and "triceps brachii" in the full text of each of the articles. The inclusion criteria were articles on the use of surface electromyography electrodes to observe the activity of the triceps brachii muscle in patients and athletes. RESULTS: In the 23 selected articles, the activities of the triceps brachii muscle in a total of 402 subjects were measured using surface electromyography electrodes: 262 subjects in the studies that focused on the rehabilitation of patients with various disorders, and 140 subjects in the studies that focused on the sports performance of various athletes. To record the surface electromyography activity of the triceps brachii muscle, the electrodes were placed over the muscle belly or the three heads (lateral, long, and medial) of the triceps brachii muscle with diverse interelectrode distances. Seventeen studies used bipolar or triode silver/silver chloride electrodes, one study utilised bipolar gold electrodes, one study applied bipolar polycarbonate electrodes, one study used a linear array of four silver bar electrodes, one study utilised DELSYS parallel bar nickel silver electrodes, and two studies did not clearly mention the composition of the electrodes used. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar silver/silver chloride circular-shaped electrodes are utilised more frequently than electrodes with a different metal composition and shape. The anatomical locations of the triceps brachii muscle that mainly considered for electrode placement are the lateral, long, and medial heads. A 10-mm electrode size is commonly used to measure the sEMG activity more efficiently. However, we found that an electrode size of up to 40 mm may be used to reliably measure the sEMG activity on the triceps brachii muscle. A 20-mm interelectrode distance is commonly used to measure the sEMG activity using the above mentioned muscle locations and silver/silver chloride electrodes. We also identified others factors that should be taken into account for the use of the sEMG recording technique on the triceps brachii under real-time conditions.

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