Postural Variations of Intraocular Pressure - Preflight Experiments for the Di-Mission

Draeger, J.; Hanke, Klaus

doi:10.1159/000265415

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…They were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (control, n=5), group 2 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks, n=5) and group 3 (recovery for 4 weeks after 6 weeks of head-down tilting, n=5). Head-down tilting (−10°) was applied to simulate the microgravity condition [11,12]. Briefly speaking, macaques in group 2 were suspended in a cage and the hind legs hanging on each side by special devices for 6 weeks.…”

Section: Animal Models and Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the level of oxidation exceeds antioxidant defense, oxidative stress occurs and it can cause irreversible cellular damage [10]. In this study, we evaluated the effects of long-term stimulated microgravity on the lung tissue morphology, the related genes' expression of oxidative stress in lung tissues and oxidative stress parameters in plasma as well as lung tissues by suspending rhesus macaque in the antiorthostatic position (-10°C head-down tilting, a model of simulated microgravity [11,12]) in order to look for oxidative stress parameters in plasma and to discover the possible mechanisms between oxidative stress and microgravity in lung tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

dteees

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Abstract. This study evaluated the influence of long-term simulated microgravity on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in the plasma and lung tissues of rhesus macaque (-10°C head-down tilting). Fifteen healthy male rhesus macaques were randomly divided into groups 1 (control, n=5), groups 2 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks, n=5) and groups 3 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks and recover from 4 weeks, n=5). Oxidative stress was evaluated by critical SOD, GSH, H 2 O 2 in plasma and SOD, GSH in lung tissues. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological structure changes of pulmonary tissues. CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, GPX4, GPX7, PRDX1, HMOX1, ALOX5 and DUOX1 mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. GSH concentration was significantly decreased, whereas H 2 O 2 level was significantly increased in group 2 compared with group 1 and group 3. Compared to group 1, histopathological examination revealed alveolar septal thickening, and alveolar and interstitial lymphocytic infiltration in group 2 and group 3 and the pathological changes in group 3 were smaller than those in group 2. Group 2 and group 3 showed significant up-regulation of SOD3 gene compared with group 1 by real-time PCR. In a long-term simulated microgravity environment, systemic antioxidant level of GSH was reduced but an oxidative stress marker of H 2 O 2 was increased. Meanwhile, long-term simulated microgravity caused lung injury and induced the mRNA of SOD3 expression in lung tissues. But oxidant stress is not a major factor involved in the development of lung damage under simulated microgravity. Further study still clarifies the mechanism about the lung injury under microgravity.

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Section: Animal Models and Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

dteees

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Head-down tilting (-10°) was applied to simulate the microgravity condition. The animal model of head-down tilting is generally accepted in world [11,12,13,14]. Briefly speaking, macaques in group 2 were suspended in a cage and the hind legs hanging on each side by special devices for 6 weeks.…”

Section: Animal Models and Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Yang¹

2017

AJLM

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This study evaluated the influence of long-term simulated microgravity on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in the plasma and lung tissues of rhesus macaque (-10℃ head-down tilting). Fifteen healthy male rhesus macaques were randomly divided into groups 1 (control, n=5), groups 2 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks, n=5) and groups 3 (head-down tilting for 6 weeks and recover from 4 weeks, n=5). Oxidative stress was evaluated by critical SOD, GSH, H 2 O 2 in plasma and SOD, GSH in lung tissues. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological structure changes of pulmonary tissues. CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, GPX4, GPX7, PRDX1, HMOX1, ALOX5 and DUOX1 mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. GSH concentration was significantly decreased, whereas H 2 O 2 level was significantly increased in group 2 compared with group 1 and group 3. Compared to group 1, histopathological examination revealed alveolar septal thickening, and alveolar and interstitial lymphocytic infiltration in group 2 and group 3 and the pathological changes in group 3 were smaller than those in group 2. Group 2 and group 3 showed significant up-regulation of SOD3 gene compared with group 1 by real-time PCR. In a long-term simulated microgravity environment, systemic antioxidant level of GSH was reduced but an oxidative stress marker of H 2 O 2 was increased. Meanwhile, long-term simulated microgravity caused lung injury and induced the mRNA of SOD3 expression in lung tissues. But oxidant stress is not a major factor involved in the development of lung damage under simulated microgravity. Further study still clarifies the mechanism about the lung injury under microgravity.

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“…The prone position has been shown to increase IOP under general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients [131,133] . IOP has been shown to increase in awake vertically inverted volunteers [134] . IOP has been shown to increase with elevated arterial carbon dioxide tension in anesthetized patients without eye disease [117] .…”

Section: Effects Of General Anesthesia and Surgical Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positioning patients for spine surgery: Avoiding uncommon position-related complications

Kamel

Barnette

2014

WJO

111

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Positioning patients for spine surgery is pivotal for optimal operating conditions and operative-site exposure. During spine surgery, patients are placed in positions that are not physiologic and may lead to complications. Perioperative peripheral nerve injury (PPNI) and postoperative visual loss (POVL) are rare complications related to patient positioning during spine surgery that result in significant patient disability and functional loss. PPNI is usually due to stretch or compression of the peripheral nerve. PPNI may present as a brachial plexus injury or as an isolated injury of single nerve, most commonly the ulnar nerve. Understanding the etiology, mechanism and pattern of injury with each type of nerve injury is important for the prevention of PPNI. Intraoperative neuromonitoring has been used to detect peripheral nerve conduction abnormalities indicating peripheral nerve stress under general anesthesia and to guide modification of the upper extremity position to prevent PPNI. POVL usually results in permanent visual loss. Most cases are associated with prolonged spine procedures in the prone position under general anesthesia. The most common causes of POVL after spine surgery are ischemic optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion. Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy is the most common cause of POVL after spine surgery. It is important for spine surgeons to be aware of POVL and to participate in safe, collaborative perioperative care of spine patients. Proper education of perioperative staff, combined with clear communication and collaboration while positioning patients in the operating room is the best and safest approach. The prevention of uncommon complications of spine surgery depends primarily on identifying high-risk patients, proper positioning and optimal intraoperative management of physiological parameters. Modification of risk factors extrinsic to the patient may help reduce the incidence of PPNI and POVL. It is important for spine surgeons to be aware of PPNI and POVL to participate in safe, collaborative perioperative care of spine patients. Proper education of perioperative staff, combined with clear communication and collaboration while positioning patients in the operating room is the best and safest approach. The prevention of uncommon complications of spine surgery depends primarily on identifying high-risk patients, proper positioning and optimal intraoperative management of physiological parameters.Kamel I, Barnette R. Positioning patients for spine surgery: Avoiding uncommon position-related complications. World J Orthop

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Postural Variations of Intraocular Pressure - Preflight Experiments for the Di-Mission

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Effects of Long-Term Simulated Microgravity on Oxidant and Antioxidant Values in the Plasma and Lung Tissues of Rhesus Macaque

Positioning patients for spine surgery: Avoiding uncommon position-related complications

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