Postural Control in Elderly Subjects

Pyykkö, Ilmari; Jäntti, Pirkko; Aalto, Heikki

doi:10.1093/ageing/19.3.215

Cited by 191 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Sensory deficits in the lower extremity, visual impairment, and vestibular impairment contribute significantly to poor postural control in the elderly. [26][27][28][29][30] The case is worse with elderly people with diabetes because the disease can affect the central and peripheral nervous systems, vestibular system, and vision, resulting in poor sensory input and limited central processing of the information received by the brain leading to poor body balance. 10,31,32 Defects in body balance result in increased body sway, decreased postural stability, and increased incidence of falls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile Intervention as a Novel Technique in Improving Body Stability in Healthy Elderly and Elderly with Diabetes

Alshammari

Petrofsky

Daher

et al. 2014

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Body sway increases in the elderly because of normal aging and high incidence of disease such as diabetes. Prevalence of sway is greater in the elderly with diabetes because of damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Increase in body sway is associated with an elevated risk of falling. Falling is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to develop a new technique to improve body stability and decrease body sway in the elderly people with or without diabetes. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-two subjects-12 elderly (mean age, 75.5 -7.3 years) and 10 age-matched elderly with diabetes (mean age, 72.5 -5.3 years)-were recruited for this study. Subjects received tactile feedback as a tingling sensation resulting from electrical stimulation triggered by body sway. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in body sway in the elderly while standing on foam with eyes open (1.0 -0.31 vs. 1.9 -0.8; P = 0.006) and eyes closed (1.8 -0.7 vs. 3.3 -1.5; P = 0.001). In the group with diabetes, there was a significant reduction in body sway while standing on foam with eyes closed (1.4 -0.5 vs. 2.3 -0.8; P = 0.045) but not with eyes open. Conclusions: In this small study, this technique offers a new tool for training people with diabetes and elderly people to improve body stability and balance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile Intervention as a Novel Technique in Improving Body Stability in Healthy Elderly and Elderly with Diabetes

Alshammari

Petrofsky

Daher

et al. 2014

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These sensory systems are further controlled by the central nervous systems located in the spinal cord, the brainstem, basal ganglia, cerebellum and cerebral cortex (Horak 1997). Vestibular input governs typically 65% of the body sway during sudden perturbation in standing, while 35% is accounted for by visual, proprioceptive and other input (Pyykkö et al 1990).…”

Section: Postural and Balance Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COM-COP difference, on the contrary, has been reported to be proportional to the horizontal component of the ground reaction force captured by plantar cutaneous receptors located in the foot sole (Morasso et al 1999). Following latencies in muscle activation after tripping and slipping perturbations have been reported: 120 -200 ms for visual control and 60 -140 ms for proprioceptive control (Pyykkö et al 1990, Eng et al 1994, Tang et al 1998. However, other studies have claimed that a stiffness control may act almost immediately as the ankle joint angle is changed, causing the COP to move in the same direction as the COM (Winter et al 1998, cf.…”

Section: Postural and Balance Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Grönqvist¹,

Abeysekera²,

Gard³

et al. 2001

Ergonomics

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of human-centred methodologies-subjective, objective, and combined-are used for slipperiness measurement. They comprise a variety of approaches from biomechanically-oriented experiments to psychophysical tests and subjective evaluations. The objective of this paper is to review some of the research done in the field, including such topics as awareness and perception of slipperiness, postural and balance control, rating scales for balance, adaptation to slippery conditions, measurement of unexpected movements, kinematics of slipping, and protective movements during falling. The role of human factors in slips and falls will be discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of human-centred approaches in relation to mechanical slip test methodologies are considered. Current friction-based criteria and thresholds for walking without slipping are reviewed for a number of work tasks. These include activities such as walking on a level or an inclined surface, running, stopping and jumping, as well as stair ascent and descent, manual exertion (pushing and pulling, load carrying, lifting) and particular concerns of the elderly and mobility disabled persons. Some future directions for slipperiness measurement and research in the field of slips and falls are outlined. Human-centred approaches for slipperiness measurement do have many applications. First, they are utilized to develop research hypotheses and models to predict workplace risks caused by slipping. Second, they are important alternatives to apparatus-based friction measurements and are used to validate such methodologies. Third, they are used as practical tools for evaluating and monitoring slip resistance properties of foot wear, anti-skid devices and floor surfaces.

show abstract

“…Proprioceptive input from the muscles of the legs and trunk plays an important role in maintaining postural stability [34]. Previous studies have reported that proprioception and vibration sensation in the lower limbs decrease during normal aging [3,4] and also reported that postural instability has been observed in elderly people [35]. Therefore, a vibratory stimulus that matches the response frequency of the receptors present in skeletal muscle may influence body sway (Figure 6).…”

Section: Sensory Proprioceptive Inputs In Postural Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Physical Function Assessment in Elderly People

Ito¹

2017

Clinical Physical Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In elderly people with mobility limitations, abnormalities in posture and gait contribute to the greater decline of physical motor function. The aim of the review article was to determine the comprehensive physical motor function assessment. Muscle function was assessed with the grip strength. Gait function was assessed with walking time tests conducted at a normal pace. Balance function was assessed with one-legged standing time. The 6-min walking distance test (6MD) was performed in a 10-m, straight corridor. Walking efficiency during the 6MD trials was measured using the Cosmed K4b2 (Rome, Italy), an indirect calorimetry system specifically designed to measure energy expenditure in nonlaboratory settings. The center of pressure was recorded using a balance board (Wii; Nintendo Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). A vibratory stimulus was applied alternately to two muscles by fixing two vibrators from the vibration device onto the participant's gastrocnemius and lumbar multifidus muscle. These findings show that an assessment affecting postural control under proprioceptive stimulation might be a good indicator of elderly people. Also, the objective assessment of walking efficiency might be important for identifying the risk of external activity limitation or functional limitations among the late elderly.

show abstract

Postural Control in Elderly Subjects

Cited by 191 publications

References 0 publications

Tactile Intervention as a Novel Technique in Improving Body Stability in Healthy Elderly and Elderly with Diabetes

Tactile Intervention as a Novel Technique in Improving Body Stability in Healthy Elderly and Elderly with Diabetes

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Comprehensive Physical Function Assessment in Elderly People

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About