Postural changes in different stages of schizophrenia is associated with inflammation and pain: a cross-sectional observational study

Cristiano, Viviane Batista; Szortyka, Michele Fonseca; Lobato, Maria Inês Rodrigues; Ceresér, Keila Maria Mendes; Belmonte-de-Abreu, Paulo

doi:10.1080/13651501.2016.1249892

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our theory-independent MM are in line with results of the few previous studies analyzing posture and gait disturbances in people with schizophrenia [ 39 – 41 , 48 , 68 , 69 ]: Cristiano et al [ 69 ] identified forward head tilt as the most common postural feature in early and late-stage schizophrenia and found associations of postural changes with disease severity. Similarly, we identified the head posture as only significant posture marker and found associations of an increased “hanging” of the head with higher levels of NSS items “Station and Gait”, “Tandem Walk” and NSS subscales “Motor Coordination” and “Sensory Integration”.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Movement markers of schizophrenia: a detailed analysis of patients’ gait patterns

Martin

Stein

Kubera

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Motor abnormalities occur in the majority of persons with schizophrenia but are generally neglected in clinical care. Psychiatric diagnostics fail to include quantifiable motor variables and few assessment tools examine full-body movement. We assessed full-body movement during gait of 20 patients and 20 controls with motion capture technology, symptom load (PANSS, BPRS) and Neurological Soft Signs (NSS). In a data-driven analysis, participants’ motion patterns were quantified and compared between groups. Resulting movement markers (MM) were correlated with the clinical assessment. We identified 16 quantifiable MM of schizophrenia. While walking, patients and controls display significant differences in movement patterns related to posture, velocity, regularity of gait as well as sway, flexibility and integration of body parts. Specifically, the adjustment of body sides, limbs and movement direction were affected. The MM remain significant when controlling for medication load. They are systematically related to NSS. Results add assessment tools, analysis methods as well as theory-independent MM to the growing body of research on motor abnormalities in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Movement markers of schizophrenia: a detailed analysis of patients’ gait patterns

Martin

Stein

Kubera

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…It is still not clear when these deficits emerge, but it has been suggested that they could arise in the earlier stages of disease [17,18]. Indeed, postural changes were found when comparing early-vs late-stage schizophrenia, with-surprisingly-a higher degree of severity in the earlier disease stages [18]. All together, these findings strongly propose the motor dimension as a strong endophenotypic candidate for schizophrenia [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, previous research on different psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, described some recurrent features like slower gait, shorter stride length and balance problems in these individuals [16]. It is still not clear when these deficits emerge, but it has been suggested that they could arise in the earlier stages of disease [17,18]. Indeed, postural changes were found when comparing early-vs late-stage schizophrenia, with-surprisingly-a higher degree of severity in the earlier disease stages [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posture and gait in the early course of schizophrenia

et al. 2021

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While correlations between postural stability deficits and schizophrenia are well documented, information on dynamic motor alterations in schizophrenia are still scarce, and no data on their onset are available yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was i) to measure gait pattern(s) in patients with schizophrenia; ii) to identify posture and gait alterations which could potentially be used as a predictive clinical tool of the onset of the disorder. Body composition, posture and gait parameters were assessed in a group of 30 patients with schizophrenia and compared to 25 healthy subjects. Sway area was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group compared to controls regardless of whether the participants were in eyes open or eyes closed condition. Gait cadence and speed were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia, while stride length was similar. We concluded that the combination of an increased sway area (independent from eye closure) and a gait cadence reduction—in the presence of normal gait speed and stride length—might be considered peculiar postural and gait profile characteristic of early schizophrenia.

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“…There is extensive evidence of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in many patients with SZ which includes high levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM1 and vWF in the periphery and high levels of VCAM-1, VE-cadherin and a range of tight junction proteins in the brain [411][412][413][414][415]. However, there is increasing evidence that endothelial activation and dysfunction may be confined to or at least be greatly enhanced in an inflammatory subtype of schizophrenia [411,415].…”

Section: Interdependency Of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial dysfunction in neuroprogressive disorders—causes and suggested treatments

Morris

Puri²,

Olive

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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Background Potential routes whereby systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may drive the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, even in an environment of low cholesterol, are examined. Main text Key molecular players involved in the regulation of endothelial cell function are described, including PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGFRs, SFK, Rho GEF TRIO, RAC-1, ITAM, SHP-2, MAPK/ERK, STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, eNOS, nitric oxide, miRNAs, KLF-4 and KLF-2. The key roles of platelet activation, xanthene oxidase and myeloperoxidase in the genesis of endothelial cell dysfunction and activation are detailed. The following roles of circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of endothelial cell dysfunction are then described: paracrine signalling by circulating hydrogen peroxide, inhibition of eNOS and increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, including compromised mitochondrial dynamics, loss of calcium ion homeostasis and inactivation of SIRT-1-mediated signalling pathways. Next, loss of cellular redox homeostasis is considered, including further aspects of the roles of hydrogen peroxide signalling, the pathological consequences of elevated NF-κB, compromised S-nitrosylation and the development of hypernitrosylation and increased transcription of atherogenic miRNAs. These molecular aspects are then applied to neuroprogressive disorders by considering the following potential generators of endothelial dysfunction and activation in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: NF-κB; platelet activation; atherogenic miRs; myeloperoxidase; xanthene oxidase and uric acid; and inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions Finally, on the basis of the above molecular mechanisms, details are given of potential treatment options for mitigating endothelial cell dysfunction and activation in neuroprogressive disorders.

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Postural changes in different stages of schizophrenia is associated with inflammation and pain: a cross-sectional observational study

Abstract: CRP was associated with disease severity, while vWF and pain were associated with forward head posture, hyperlordosis and scoliosis, suggesting an association between vascular inflammation and pain, with an influence on posture.

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Movement markers of schizophrenia: a detailed analysis of patients’ gait patterns

Movement markers of schizophrenia: a detailed analysis of patients’ gait patterns

Posture and gait in the early course of schizophrenia

Endothelial dysfunction in neuroprogressive disorders—causes and suggested treatments

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