Postural adaptation to walking on inclined surfaces: I. Normal strategies

Leroux, Alain; Fung, Joyce; Barbeau, Hugues

doi:10.1016/s0966-6362(01)00181-3

Cited by 237 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These results imply that certain inclination angles, or a range of angles, influence the gait pattern during walking on an ascending ramp. Similar to our findings, a number of prior studies have shown that the length of step and stride decreased as the inclination of the ascending ramp increased 11,12,21) . When the angle of the ascending ramp increased, stance duration increased, while swing duration, velocity, and cadence decreased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Although healthy adults are able to easily walk on a sloping surface, this activity can be very difficult for individuals with decreased motor function, for example the elderly, the pregnant, obese populations, and patients with muscle or joint disease [8][9][10] . An inclined surface has been frequently considered as an obstacle and such surfaces can cause an increased chance of falling due to slippage or loss of balance [11][12][13] . According to prior studies of slope walking, as the angle of slope increases, slip becomes a potential problem due to the g e n e r a t i o n o f h i g h e r s h e a r f o r c e s 1 4 , 1 5 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis during Upslope Walking with Different Inclinations by Healthy Adults

Han

Kwon²,

Park

et al. 2009

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of gait strategy, by measurement of gait parameters and kinematic data of the lower limbs during walking on slopes with four different incline angles.[Subjects] A total of 23 healthy adults were recruited for the study.[Methods] Threedimensional kinematic data were measured with a camera-based system, while subjects walked on an upslope at four different inclinations (0°, 8°, 16°, 24°). Data analyses were conducted using ANOVA with repeated measurements to determine the difference of gait parameters according to the slope inclinations.[Results] The kinematics during ascent of the slopes could be clearly distinguished from the kinematics of level walking. Spatio-temporal parameters were significantly affected by slope inclinations. The joint angle of the lower extremities in the sagittal plane was increased at slope inclinations greater than 16°. Ankle and knee joint angles in the frontal plane increased on the 16° and 24° slopes, and the hip joint angle increased on the 24° slope. The knee joint angle only increased on the 24° slope in the horizontal plane.[Conclusion] Alterations of the lower extremities in the sagittal plane were greater than in the other planes and the joint angles of the lower extremities were generally changed on slope of 16° or greater inclination. These results indicate the optimal inclination for slope climbing and may provide therapists with valuable therapeutic strategies for gait training on an inclined slope for patients with locomotion dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis during Upslope Walking with Different Inclinations by Healthy Adults

Han

Kwon²,

Park

et al. 2009

J Phys Ther Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kawamura and Sun reported a similar results but McIntosh and Leroux reported the opposite 21,22,24,27) . A possible reason for the differences in our finding is that under constant speed, subjects tried not to push back from the slope, which would result in increased cadence, but decreased step length.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…As mentioned above, human gait is an important factor in measuring health conditions and treatment effectiveness. Moreover, many gait studies have focused on walking on level ground 19,20) but fewer studies have investigated inclined surfaces [21][22][23][24] . Studies of inclined surfaces are important for understanding the causes of fall and for rehabilitation requirements [21][22][23][24] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Normal Adult Physiological States and Gait Parameters with Treadmill Inclined

et al. 2012

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Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the standard alterations in normal adult physiological states and gait parameters resulting from changes in treadmill slope during the use of the treadmill as a medical reference.[Subjects] The subjects of this study were 12 normal, healthy volunteers without any orthopedic, respiratory or cardiovascular system problems.[Methods] The gait of subjects was measured using Optogait on an inclined treadmill for 3 minutes. Gait was measured at slopes of 0%, 9% and 18%. The subjects wore a Pansystolic murmur (PSM) training device over their xiphoid process in order to measure physiological changes. The speed of the treadmill was fixed at 5.0 km/h in order to maintain a constant walking speed.[Results] The subjects' gait parameters were observed to change significantly between slopes of 0% and 18% and the physiological states which showed significant changes were average heart rate, recovery heart rate, average respiratory rate, and angular displacement of the trunk.[Conclusion] The results of this study may be used as a medical reference for gait training on a treadmill, especially for treadmills with adjustable gradients.

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“…Adaptations using pelvis and trunk movements are also very likely and have been reported in hemiplegic subjects 52 as well as in normal subjects during grade walking. 53 Nevertheless, the inability to increase the knee flexion during swing in SCI subjects also influences their capacity to increase the stride frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treadmill walking in incomplete spinal-cord-injured subjects: 1. Adaptation to changes in speed

2003

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Walking in spinal-cord-injured (SCI) subjects is usually achieved at a lower speed than in normal subjects. Study design/methods: Time and distance parameters, angular displacements of lower limbs and electromyographic (EMG) activity were measured for seven normal and seven SCI subjects at several walking speeds. Analyses of variance were used for comparing groups and speeds. Objectives: First, to measure the adaptability of SCI subjects' walking pattern to different speeds (0.1-1.0 m/s), and to compare it to that of normal subjects. Second, to characterize SCI subjects' walking pattern as compared to that of normal subjects at a matched treadmill speed (0.3 m/s). Setting: University-Based Human Gait Laboratory, Montreal, Canada. Results: SCI subjects' pattern adapted to a limited range of speeds. Longer cycle duration, flexed knee at foot contact, increased hip joint flexion at foot contact and during swing, and altered coordination of hip and knee joints were found for the SCI group. At all speeds, duration of muscle activity was longer in the SCI group and the increase in amplitude of soleus EMG activity at higher speeds was not specific to push-off. The importance of matching the walking speed of SCI and normal subjects in order to differentiate the features that are a consequence of SCI subjects' reduced walking speed rather than a direct consequence of the injury is demonstrated. Conclusions: All SCI subjects could adapt to a narrow range of speeds and only three could reach the maximal tested speed. This limited maximal speed seems to be a consequence of SCI subjects having reached their limit in increasing stride length and not being able to increase stride frequency further. This limitation in increasing stride frequency is likely because of the altered neural drive. Sponsorship: Neuroscience Network of the Canadian Centre of Excellence.

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Postural adaptation to walking on inclined surfaces: I. Normal strategies

Cited by 237 publications

References 26 publications

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis during Upslope Walking with Different Inclinations by Healthy Adults

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis during Upslope Walking with Different Inclinations by Healthy Adults

Changes of Normal Adult Physiological States and Gait Parameters with Treadmill Inclined

Treadmill walking in incomplete spinal-cord-injured subjects: 1. Adaptation to changes in speed

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