Posttraumatic stress symptoms, PTSD, and risk factors among lower Manhattan residents 2–3 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks

DiGrande, Laura; Perrin, Mary; Thorpe, Lorna E.; Thalji, Lisa; Murphy, Joe; Wu, David; Farfel, Mark R.; Brackbill, Robert M.

doi:10.1002/jts.20345

Cited by 193 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Although gender ratio, age structure and survey time after a disaster is different, those percentages are almost equal to 20.1% reported in the previous study concerning the rescue and cleanup workers after the 9.11 World Trade Center Attacks 23) . Furthermore, Our results are comparable to those og the previous research in that, L. DiGrande et al showed that the prevalence of probable PTSD using the DSM -IV diagnostic criteria (16.1%) was similar to the prevalence based on the PCL cutoff score 44 or < (15.1%) among lower Manhattan residents 2 -3 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks 24) . The proportion above PCL cutoff (≥44) was higher among females than males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Psychological Distress After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: Results of a Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey Through the Fukushima Health Management Survey in Fy2011 and Fy2012

Yabe

Suzuki

Mashiko

et al. 2014

Fukushima J. Med. Sci.

201

216

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: [Background] On 11 March 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake followed by a gigantic tsunami hit the Pacific coast of Northeast Japan (Tohoku) and damaged Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, causing a radiation hazard in the entire Fukushima Prefecture. The radiation dose exposed either externally and internally in Fukushima residents have been evaluated to be low so far and it is hardly believed that they may have any direct radiation risk on physical condition. The purpose of this report is, therefore, to describe results of a mental health and lifestyle survey intended to facilitate adequate care for residents who are at a higher risk of developing mental health problems after the complicated accident. [Participants and Methods] The target population of this survey is the residents of evacuation zones including Hirono Town, Naraha Town, Tomioka Town, Kawauchi Village, Okuma Town, Futaba Town, Namie Town, Katsurao Village, Minamisoma City, Tamura City, Yamakiya district of Kawamata Town, and Iitate Village. The targeted population was 210,189 in fiscal year 2011 (FY2011) and 211,615 in fiscal year 2012 (FY2012). Questionnaires have been mailed since January 2012, and subsequently, January 2013, 10 and 22 months after the disaster. Among of them, children 63.4%, adults 40.7% for FY2011, and children 41.0%, adults 29.7% for FY2012 responded to the questionnaires mailed.[Results] Sociodemographic data showed that many evacuee households were separated after the disaster and had to move several times. K6 was used in this survey to estimate general mental health. The proportion (14.6% in FY2011 and 11.9% inFY2012) of adults who scored above the K6 cut -off (≥13) for general mental health was higher than usual, indicating severe mental health problems among evacuees. The proportion (21.6% in FY2011 and 18.3% inFY2012) of adults who scored above the cut -off (≥44) of PTSD checklist (PCL), reflecting traumatic symptoms, was almost equal to that of the workers after the 9.11 World Trade Center attacks. These results also indicate the presence of severe traumatic problems among evacuees. The proportions of children (4 -6Corresponding author : Hirooki Yabe MD, PhD E -mail : hyabe@fmu.ac.jp https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/fms http://www.fmu.ac.jp/home/lib/F -igaku/ 57 58 H. YABE et al.years old) and children of primary school age (6 -12 years old) who scored above the cut -off (≥16) of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) reflecting the mental health status in children, 24.4% and 22.0% in the survey of FY2011, were double the usual state respectively, whereas 16.6% in children of 4 -6 years old and 15.8% in children of 6 -12 years old in FY2012 were 1.5 times. These findings also disclosed the presence of severe mental difficulties in children, with relative improvement year by year. [Conclusion] As revealed by the present mental health survey, the earthquake and tsunami followed by the nuclear accident caused psychological distress among residents in Fukushi...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Psychological Distress After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: Results of a Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey Through the Fukushima Health Management Survey in Fy2011 and Fy2012

Yabe

Suzuki

Mashiko

et al. 2014

Fukushima J. Med. Sci.

201

216

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“…En sık görülen başa çık-ma mekanizması kişinin yakınları ile ilgili bilgi arayı-şı ve sosyal destek olarak görülüyordu. New York'ta 2001 yılı ikiz kuleler saldırısından iki yıl sonra bölge-de genel popülasyonda yapılan bir tarama olası TSSB sıklığını %12,6 olarak bildiriyordu (13) . İleri yaş, kadın cinsiyet, hispanik kökenli olma ve düşük gelir ve eği-tim düzeyi risk etkenleri olarak görünüyordu.…”

Section: Terör Ve Savaş: Epidemiyolojik çAlışmalarunclassified

Post-Traumatic Stress in Terror and War

Şar¹

2017

Okmeydani Medical Journal

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“…We used the dual criteria to obtain a more conservative estimate of probable PTSD. 11 We have used "PTSD" to denote probable PTSD determined as described. Reported exposures Exposures included being caught in the dust cloud and returning to dustcontaminated homes or workplaces, measures previously linked to both post-9/11 asthma and PTSD.…”

Section: Study Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurring Lower Respiratory Symptoms and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 5 to 6 Years After the World Trade Center Terrorist Attack

Nair

Ekenga²,

Cone³

et al. 2012

Am J Public Health

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Respiratory illness1---9 and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 6,7,9---12 are 2 of the most commonly reported health outcomes related to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the New York City World Trade Center (WTC). Only recently, however, have studies addressed their co-occurrence among 9/11 disaster---exposed individuals. 13 Comorbidity is increasingly seen as the norm rather than the exception in primary care settings 14 and can significantly affect diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a given disease, 15 including respiratory illness. 16---20 Co-occurring physical illness may also affect the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PTSD. Therefore, understanding the epidemiology of co-occurring respiratory illness and PTSD can have important implications for ongoing public health outreach and treatment efforts aimed at individuals exposed to the 9/11 disaster as well as individuals in the general population with respiratory or mental illness. The burden of co-occurring respiratory illness and PTSD among individuals directly exposed to the 9/11 disaster is likely to be high because of shared 9/11-related risk factors 6 and because of the close, reciprocal association between PTSD and physical health. Individuals with PTSD are at greater risk for long-term physical illness 20---30 partly because of lifestyle and health behaviors associated with PTSD and partly because of physiological dysregulation linked to PTSD. 30The latter might also underlie the well-documented association between PTSD and somatization. 31 Because symptoms can arise from interacting physical and psychological factors, a single, causative disease might not be found, 15 highlighting the importance of examining comorbid conditions and symptomatology in 9/11-exposed individuals.In this study we have described the prevalence, risk factors, and severity of illness associated with co-occurring lower respiratory symptoms (LRS) and probable PTSD 5 to 6 years after the 9/11 disaster among lower Manhattan residents, area workers, and passersby enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry. To better understand the burden of undiagnosed illness, we focused on symptoms. We hypothesized that severe dust cloud exposure and returning to homes or workplaces with dust or damage from the disaster would be associated with co-occurring LRS and PTSD. We also hypothesized that (1) independent of these risk factors LRS and PTSD would be risk factors for each other, (2) individuals with LRS who had comorbid PTSD would have worse respiratory illness and a higher prevalence of diagnosed asthma than would those with LRS alone, (3) those with PTSD who had cooccurring LRS would report more PTSD symptoms and have greater odds of comorbid mental health conditions than would those with PTSD alone, and (4) co-occurring LRS and PTSD would be associated with worse health-related quality of life (QOL) and more unmet health care needs after controlling for diagnosed respiratory and mental health conditions. METHODSThe Registry, a longitudinal cohort of per...

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Posttraumatic stress symptoms, PTSD, and risk factors among lower Manhattan residents 2–3 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks

Cited by 193 publications

References 39 publications

Psychological Distress After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: Results of a Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey Through the Fukushima Health Management Survey in Fy2011 and Fy2012

Psychological Distress After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: Results of a Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey Through the Fukushima Health Management Survey in Fy2011 and Fy2012

Post-Traumatic Stress in Terror and War

Co-occurring Lower Respiratory Symptoms and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 5 to 6 Years After the World Trade Center Terrorist Attack

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