Posttraumatic stress symptoms as a mediator between sexual assault and adverse health outcomes in undergraduate women

Eadie, Erin M.; Runtz, Marsha; Spencer‐Rodgers, Julie

doi:10.1002/jts.20369

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

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confidence: 94%

“…Depressive symptomatology, however, did not illustrate a mediational relationship between sexual violence and physical health concerns in Eadie et al's (2008) study. Furthermore, it may be that there are additional mediating symptoms (e.g., dissociative symptoms, sexual symptoms) that were not included in the Eadie et al (2008) study. Indeed, research suggests that college women with histories of sexual victimization often experience a host of trauma-related symptoms not necessarily specific to PTSS and depression, such as sleep disturbances, sexual problems, dissociative symptoms, and generalized anxiety symptoms (Clum et al, 2001, Edwards, Myrick, & Gidycz, 2010Gilboa-Schechtman & Foa, 2001;Waldinger, Swett, Frank, & Miller, 1994).…”

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confidence: 95%

“…In an effort to test these hypotheses, a few empirical studies with noncollege women have focused on PTSS as a mediator between an experience of a traumatic event and physical health concerns (i.e., Freidman & Schnurr, 1995;Kimerling, Clum, & Wolfe, 2000), whereas only one published study with college women (Eadie et al, 2008) has explored both PTSS and depressive symptomatology as mediators of this relationship. Eadie et al's (2008) results were consistent with PTSS as a partial mediator in the relationship between the experience of sexual violence in adolescence/adulthood and physical health status, consistent with previous research with noncollege samples (i.e., Freidman & Schnurr, 1995;Kimerling et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…To summarize, there is a burgeoning body of research suggesting that psychological symptoms may mediate the relationship between experiences of sexual victimization and physical health concerns (e.g., Briere & Elliot, 1994;Clum et al, 2001;Eadie et al, 2008;Famularo, Kinscherff, & Fenton, 1992;Freidman & Schnurr, 1995;Kimerling et al, 2000;Ullman & Brecklin, 2002). Nevertheless, there are several limitations to this existing body of research: (a) most studies that have addressed mediating variables have focused solely on PTSS and/or depression as a potential mediator in the relationship between sexual victimization and physical health concerns without considering broader psychological constructs despite research suggesting that sexual victimization is related to a host of psychological sequelae (Clum et al, 2001;Famularo et al, 1992;Ullman & Brecklin, 2002); (b) many studies have focused either on childhood sexual abuse (CSA) or adolescent/adulthood sexual assault (ASA) rather than concurrently examining both forms of sexual victimization (e.g., Briere & Elliot, 1994;Clum et al, 2001), despite research often showing differential outcomes for CSA and ASA; and (c) all but one study has been conducted with noncollege populations despite research suggesting that there are differences in sexual violence-related symptom presentation and severity between college and noncollege women (Famularo et al, 1992;Schaaf & McCanne, 1998).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…The mediating relationship consisting of AASA as the independent variable, TRS as the mediator, and physical health symptomatology as the criterion variable, was tested. Following Eadie et al (2008), we utilized Baron and Kenny's (1986) procedure for testing mediation. We tested several models to identify the possible mediating role of TRS in the relationship between AASA and physical health symptomatology.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The mediating role of trauma‐related symptoms in the relationship between sexual victimization and physical health symptomatology in undergraduate women

Tansill

Edwards

Kearns

et al. 2012

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Previous research suggests that posttraumatic stress symptomatology is a partial mediator of the relationship between sexual assault history in adolescence/adulthood and physical health symptomatology (e.g., Eadie, Runtz, & Spencer-Rodgers, 2008). The current study assessed a broader, more inclusive potential mediator, trauma-related symptoms in the relationship between sexual victimization history (including both childhood and adolescent/adulthood sexual victimizations) and physical health symptomatology in a college sample. Participants were 970 young women (M = 18.69, SD = 1.01), who identified mostly as Caucasian (86.7%), from 2 universities who completed a survey packet. Path analysis results provide evidence for trauma-related symptoms as a mediator in the relationship between adolescent/adulthood sexual assault and physical health symptomatology, χ(2) (1, N = 970) = 1.55, p = .21; comparative fit index = 1.00; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.99; root mean square error of approximation = .02, 90% confidence interval [.00, .09], Bollen-Stine bootstrap statistic, p = .29. Childhood sexual abuse was not related to physical health symptomatology, but did predict trauma-related symptoms. Implications of these findings suggest that college health services would benefit from targeted integration of psychiatric and medical services for sexual assault survivors given the overlap of psychological and physical symptoms.

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confidence: 94%

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confidence: 95%

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mediating role of trauma‐related symptoms in the relationship between sexual victimization and physical health symptomatology in undergraduate women

Tansill

Edwards

Kearns

et al. 2012

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Trajectories of male sexual aggression from adolescence through college: A latent class growth analysis

Swartout

Brennan

et al. 2015

Aggressive Behavior

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Approximately 25% of male college students report engaging in some form of sexual coercion by the end of their fourth year of college. White and Smith (2004) found that negative childhood experiences-childhood sexual abuse, childhood physical abuse, and witnessing domestic violence-predicted sexual aggression perpetrated before college, but not during the subsequent college years, a puzzling finding in view of the reasonably consistent rates of sexual aggression from adolescence to the first 2 years of college. The current study takes a person-centered approach to sexual aggression in an attempt to resolve this discrepancy. We examined the possibility of cohesive subgroups of men in terms of their frequency of sexual aggression across the pre-college and college years. A series of latent class growth models were fit to an existing longitudinal dataset of sexual experiences collected across four time points-pre-college through year 3 of college. A four-trajectory model fit the data well, exhibiting significantly better fit than a three-trajectory model. The four trajectories are interpreted as men who perpetrate sexual aggression at (1) low (71.5% of the sample), (2) moderate (21.2%), (3) decreasing (4.2%), and (4) increasing (3.1%) frequencies across time. Negative childhood experiences predicted membership of the decreasing trajectory, relative to the low trajectory, but did not predict membership of the increasing trajectory, explaining the discrepancy uncovered by White and Smith. Implications for primary prevention of sexual aggression are discussed.

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Intervening with Severely and Chronically Neglected Children and their Families: The Contribution of Trauma‐Informed Approaches

2015

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Many clinicians and researchers have proposed considering child abuse and neglect from a traumatic stress perspective to better understand how they so profoundly impact child development. According to this perspective, child maltreatment (both child abuse and neglect) is viewed as a chronic interpersonal trauma which may severely interfere with normal developmental processes, often resulting in long‐lasting behavioural, emotional and psychophysiological dysregulations. In this paper, we summarise theoretical and empirical literature addressing the traumatic nature of child neglect, with a specific focus on short‐term consequences of neglect in childhood. We then give an overview of some key intervention elements stemming from trauma‐informed approaches with traumatised children and their families.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Child neglect is viewed as a chronic interpersonal trauma which may severely interfere with normal developmental processes, often resulting in long‐lasting behavioural, emotional and psychophysiological dysregulations. Key intervention guidelines stemming from trauma‐informed approaches include: A detailed assessment of the child's trauma history and characteristics Providing a safe environment for the child Helping the child build feelings of emotional security Improving parental sensitivity Developing child emotional self‐regulation Offering emotional therapeutic support to the parent.

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Posttraumatic stress symptoms as a mediator between sexual assault and adverse health outcomes in undergraduate women

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

The mediating role of trauma‐related symptoms in the relationship between sexual victimization and physical health symptomatology in undergraduate women

The mediating role of trauma‐related symptoms in the relationship between sexual victimization and physical health symptomatology in undergraduate women

Trajectories of male sexual aggression from adolescence through college: A latent class growth analysis

Intervening with Severely and Chronically Neglected Children and their Families: The Contribution of Trauma‐Informed Approaches

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