Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Diagnosis, Prevalence, and Research Advances

Kaspar, Violet

doi:10.1080/00380237.2002.10571224

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Cronbach’s alpha for this measure was 0.87 in Wave 1 and 0.90 in Wave 2. Previous work [ 6 , 56 , 57 ] has used this measure in populations from Sri Lanka, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ Tsunami Exposure and Mental Health Consequences: Protective Role of Cultural Coping Strategies

Wickrama,

Merten,

Wickrama

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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There is a knowledge gap regarding the link between disaster exposure and adolescent mental health problems in developing countries. This study examines the case of Sri Lanka to investigate (a) the immediate and long-term mental health impact of the 2004 tsunami disaster on adolescents and (b) the potential moderating effects of unique cultural and family practices that prevail in Sri Lanka. This study used a random sample of 160 adolescents (ages 12–19) and their mothers who were exposed to the tsunami disaster while living in a southern Sri Lankan village and provided prospective data immediately after the disaster (2005) and three years later (2008). A cross-culturally validated instrument assessed adolescent–mother dyads’ tsunami exposure, stressful loss, family cultural rituals and familism, and adolescent mental health. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that exposure and perceptions of tsunami-induced stressful experiences were associated with early and later mental health problems in adolescents. In addition, this study found that unique cultural practices and familism moderated the link between adolescent tsunami exposure, stressful experiences, and levels of PTSD and depressive symptoms. The findings of this study could be utilized to develop prevention and intervention programs that are contextually and culturally valid and empirically supported, which would be more effective for trauma-exposed adolescents in developing countries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ Tsunami Exposure and Mental Health Consequences: Protective Role of Cultural Coping Strategies

Wickrama,

Merten,

Wickrama

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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“…responses to each question were either "yes" or "no". This measure has been used in different ethnic groups, including Sri Lankan, Southeast Asian, West Asian, African, Balkan, and Middle Eastern groups (Wickrama and Kaspar, 2007;Kaspar, 2002). The translated version of the PTSD symptoms measure, specified in the DSM-IV, has shown good psychometric properties for screening PTSD in a number of published studies (e.g., Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet and Hughes, 1995;Turner and Gil 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Physical Health Problems and Couple Violence and Conflict in Survivors of the 2004 Tsunami: Mediation by Marital Satisfaction

Banford¹,

Wickrama

Brown

et al. 2011

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

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The impact of the 2004 East Asian Tsunami on Buddhist, Sri Lankan mothers’ relationships was investigated in this study. More specifically, the relationship between increased violence and conflict post-Tsunami and the daily intrusiveness of Tsunami-related persisting physical health problems was examined in a sample of 170 women, nearly four years after the disaster. Mediation by marital satisfaction, on the relationship between these variables, after controlling for mental health status was also tested. Increased couple violence or conflict post-Tsunami was significantly and positively related to the daily effect of persistent physical health problems resulting from the Tsunami. Full mediation was revealed through a pronounced path model negatively linking increased couple violence and conflict with marital satisfaction, and negatively linking marital satisfaction to the influence of physical health challenges.

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“…The PTSD items and assessment approach are familiar to Sri Lankan psychiatric professionals. The items and approach to creating a continuous measure have also been used widely with different ethnic samples that included respondents from Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, west Asia, the Balkans, and the Middle East (Kaspar, 1998(Kaspar, , 2002Noh et al, 2007). Use of this particular measure in the current study helps in interpreting the results in comparison to existing international studies.…”

Section: Mental Health Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived community participation in tsunami recovery efforts and the mental health of tsunami-affected mothers: Findings from a study in rural Sri Lanka

Wickrama

2010

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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The findings of structural equation modelling supports the main hypothesis that residents' perceived community participation directly and indirectly (through collective family functioning and mental health service use) reduces mental health risks (both PTSD and depressive symptoms) of tsunami-affected mothers after controlling for pre-tsunami family adversities. In addition, the results show that residents' perceived community participation buffers the influence of trauma exposure on PTSD symptom levels of mothers. The identification of specific social and family processes that relate to mental health can be useful for post-disaster interventions and recovery programmes.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Diagnosis, Prevalence, and Research Advances

Cited by 6 publications

References 77 publications

Adolescents’ Tsunami Exposure and Mental Health Consequences: Protective Role of Cultural Coping Strategies

Adolescents’ Tsunami Exposure and Mental Health Consequences: Protective Role of Cultural Coping Strategies

The Relationship between Physical Health Problems and Couple Violence and Conflict in Survivors of the 2004 Tsunami: Mediation by Marital Satisfaction

Perceived community participation in tsunami recovery efforts and the mental health of tsunami-affected mothers: Findings from a study in rural Sri Lanka

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