Posttraumatic stress disorder and fMRI activation patterns of traumatic memory in patients with borderline personality disorder

Drießen, Martin; Beblo, Thomas; Mertens, Markus; Piefke, Martina; Rullkoetter, Nina; Silva-Saavedra, Anamaria; Reddemann, Luise; Rau, Harald; Markowitsch, Hans J.; Wulff, H.; Lange, Wolfgang; Woermann, Friedrich G.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.08.018

Cited by 177 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…60 In the subgroup of subjects with comorbid borderline personality disorder and PTSD examined with functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), there was a hyperactivity in anterior temporal lobes, mesiotemporal areas, amygdala, posterior cingulate, occipital areas, and cerebellum in response to traumatic reminders. 61 Results from studies involving combat-related PTSD subjects suggest an increased sensitivity of the sympathetic nervous system that is more evident under experimental conditions of stress or challenge. 58 In addition, cerebellar vermis activity is increased during biofeedback relaxation.…”

Section: Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellum and psychiatric disorders

Baldaçara

Borgio

Lacerda

et al. 2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

154

108

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Objective: The objective of this update article is to report structural and functional neuroimaging studies exploring the potential role of cerebellum in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Method: A non-systematic literature review was conducted by means of Medline using the following terms as a parameter : "cerebellum", "cerebellar vermis", "schizophrenia", "bipolar disorder", "depression", "anxiety disorders", "dementia" and "attention

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Section: Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellum and psychiatric disorders

Baldaçara

Borgio

Lacerda

et al. 2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

154

108

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“…Animal models provided initial evidence of a lasting impact of ELT on the limbic system (LeDoux, 2000, 2003). Human brain imaging studies subsequently showed that I‐ELT was associated with altered structural integrity in the limbic system (Aas et al., 2012; Andersen et al., 2008; Bremner et al., 1997; Carrion, Weems, & Reiss, 2007; Corbo et al., 2014; Dannlowski et al., 2012; Driessen et al., 2004; Lupien et al., 2011; Tottenham et al., 2010; Veer et al., 2015). Functional imaging studies have further shown that, when processing emotional stimuli (e.g., angry faces), I‐ELT was associated with increased activity in the amygdala (Bremner et al., 2005; Grant, Cannistraci, Hollon, Gore, & Shelton, 2011; Maheu et al., 2010), and with decreased activity of the hippocampus (Bremner et al., 1999; Bremner et al., 2003; Carrion, Haas, Garrett, Song, & Reiss, 2010) and anterior cingulate cortex (Bremner, Vythilingam, Vermetten, Southwick, McGlashan, Nazeer, et al., 2003; Bremner, et al., 2003; Bremner et al., 2004; Mueller et al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal early‐life trauma alters amygdala connectivity and sustained attention performance

et al. 2017

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IntroductionInterpersonal early life trauma (I‐ELT) is associated with a myriad of functional impairments in adulthood, increased risk of drug addiction, and neuropsychiatric disorders. While deficits in emotional regulation and amygdala functioning are well characterized, deficits in general cognitive functioning have also been documented. However, the neural underpinnings of cognitive dysfunction in adults with a history of I‐ELT and the potential relationship between amygdala‐based functional connectivity and behavioral performance are currently poorly understood. This study examined how I‐ELT affects the cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting sustained attention.MethodsA total of 66 Veterans (18 with and 48 without a history of I‐ELT) completed a nonemotional sustained attention task during functional MRI.ResultsThe individuals with I‐ELT showed significant impairments in sustained attention (i.e., higher error rates, greater response variability). This cohort exhibited increased amygdala functional connectivity with the prefrontal cortex and decreased functional connectivity with the parahippocampal gyrus when compared to those without I‐ELT. These connections were significantly correlated with individual differences in sustained attention performance. Notably, classification analyses revealed that the pattern of amygdala connectivity across the whole brain was able to classify I‐ELT status with 70% accuracy.ConclusionThese results provide evidence of a lasting negative impact for those with a history of I‐ELT on sustained attention ability. They also highlight a critical role for amygdala functioning in cognitive control and sustained attention for those with a history of I‐ELT, which may underlie the observed attention deficits in clinical assessments and cognitive tests involving both emotional and nonemotional stimuli.

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“…Human studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) have focused primarily on patients who already have an established psychiatric disorder, such as ASD and PTSD. Despite some inconsistencies (6,7,(9)(10)(11), findings from clinical studies also implicate limbic, paralimbic, striatal, and prefrontal structures in the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, because the majority of these studies were performed with victims of trauma that took place years or even decades earlier, it is not clear whether this represents a slowly evolving pattern of brain alteration or one that emerges shortly after traumatic experiences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-field MRI reveals an acute impact on brain function in survivors of the magnitude 8.0 earthquake in China

Lui¹,

Huang

Chen³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

130

114

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Besides the enormous medical and economic consequences, national disasters, such as the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, also pose a risk to the mental health of survivors. In this context, a better understanding is needed of how functional brain systems adapt to severe emotional stress. Previous animal studies have demonstrated the importance of limbic, paralimbic, striatal, and prefrontal structures in stress and fear responses. Human studies, which have focused primarily on patients with clinically established posttraumatic stress disorders, have reported abnormalities in similar brain structures. At present, little is known about potential alterations of brain function in trauma survivors shortly after traumatic events. Here, we show alteration of brain function in a cohort of healthy survivors within 25 days after the Wenchuan earthquake by a recently discovered method known as ''restingstate'' functional MRI. The current investigation demonstrates that regional activity in frontolimbic and striatal areas increased significantly and connectivity among limbic and striatal networks was attenuated in our participants who had recently experienced severe emotional trauma. Trauma victims also had a reduced temporal synchronization within the ''default mode'' of restingstate brain function, which has been characterized in humans and other species. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that significant alterations in brain function, similar in many ways to those observed in posttraumatic stress disorders, can be seen shortly after major traumatic experiences, highlighting the need for early evaluation and intervention for trauma survivors.neuroimaging ͉ stress ͉ anxiety ͉ depression ͉ posttraumatic stress disorder I n the afternoon on May 12, 2008, the epicenter of a devastating earthquake occurred in Wenchuan, in the Sichuan Province of China. It measured 8.0 on the Richter scale. The most severely affected geographical regions were Yingxiu, Wenchuan, Dujiangyan, and Shifang, where 45 million people were directly affected. Among them, 69,146 people were confirmed dead, 374,131 were seriously injured, and 17,516 are missing. A significant proportion of the survivors (Ϸ20%) (1) are likely to develop stress-related disorders, such as acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given the serious and persistent impact of these highly prevalent psychiatric disorders, it is vital to develop a better understanding of the alterations of cerebral function evident in the early stages of adaptation to trauma. Such knowledge may lead to a better understanding of posttraumatic responses and the development of more effective early interventions.Studies of animal models of acute and chronic stress have provided evidence of physiological and morphological changes in several brain regions, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (2, 3). Human studies (4-12) have focused primarily on patients who already have an established psychiatric disorder, such as ASD and PTSD. Despite some inconsis...

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Posttraumatic stress disorder and fMRI activation patterns of traumatic memory in patients with borderline personality disorder

Cited by 177 publications

References 42 publications

Cerebellum and psychiatric disorders

Cerebellum and psychiatric disorders

Interpersonal early‐life trauma alters amygdala connectivity and sustained attention performance

High-field MRI reveals an acute impact on brain function in survivors of the magnitude 8.0 earthquake in China

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