Posttraumatic stress disorder according to DSM-5 and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria: a comparison in a sample of Congolese ex-combatants

Schaal, Susanne; Koebach, Anke; Hinkel, Harald; Elbert, Thomas

doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.24981

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indirect exposure can lead to secondary traumatic stress: the symptoms of PTSD are present, but are considered secondary because the exposure was indirect [ 2 ]. The current definition of a traumatic event in PTSD in DSM5 has merged direct and indirect exposure, making work related indirect exposure a potentially traumatic event [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared trauma reality in war: Mental health therapists’ experience

Freedman

Mashiach

2018

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionShared traumatic reality occurs when therapists are doubly exposed to a traumatic event, both through their clients’ experience, along with their own direct exposure. Studies have shown that a shared traumatic reality can lead to both positive and negative outcomes for therapists. Most studies have examined these reactions sometime after the end of the traumatic event, and less is known about reactions that occur during a traumatic event. In addition, most studies have assumed, rather than examined, indirect exposure. In this study, we extend this literature by examining direct and indirect exposure of therapists during a war situation, and their psychological reactions.MethodOver a period of two months in 2014, 70% of the Israeli population was exposed to rocket fire. Geographical areas differed in terms of amount of exposure, and its potential danger. 151 therapists living throughout Israel were assessed via an Internet based survey in the middle of the war, and were assessed for the effects on their professional and personal lives, degree of burnout, ways of coping and symptoms levels of PTSD and psychological distress.ResultsThese indicate that significant differences in direct exposure occurred depending on place of residence. PTSD levels were related to higher direct exposure, as well as prior trauma exposure, but not to indirect exposure. Indirect exposure, as measured by increased workload, was related to increased distress and emotional exhaustion.DiscussionThese data shed light on the effects of direct and indirect exposure to a shared traumatic experience of war amongst therapists. The data support previous studies showing a greater effect of direct exposure on PTSD. Since indirect exposure appears to negatively impact burnout and psychological distress, rather than PTSD, this study shows that symptoms other than PTSD should be the result of in a shared traumatic reality.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared trauma reality in war: Mental health therapists’ experience

Freedman

Mashiach

2018

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We did not investigate what our results would have been with the DSM‐5 criteria. Indeed, DSM‐4 and DSM‐5 PTSD criteria are different, and some studies show that DSM‐5 diagnostic rules increase PTSD rates, while others show that there are discrepancies (some diagnosed with one set of criteria are not diagnosed with the other) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐traumatic stress disorder in Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: prevalence and risk factors. A prospective study of 31 patients

Hefez¹,

Zaghbib

Sbidian

et al. 2018

Br J Dermatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This summary relates to https://doi. SummaryEpidermal necrolysis is a rare and severe syndrome, mainly caused by a reaction to a medication, which causes severe blistering and sloughing of skin and mucous membranes. It includes two syndromes, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), depending on the percentage of body surface area involved. Incidence in France is one to two cases per million people. Multiple long-term consequences of this violent and acute disorder are known about, mostly affecting skin and eyes, but also psychological distress, called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, commonness and risk factors of PTSD are still largely unknown. The present study was conducted by the research team of the national reference centre for toxic bullous diseases, based in Henri Mondor hospital, Cr eteil, France. We aimed to assess the prevalence and the risk factors of PTSD. We included 31 adult patients admitted at the acute phase (i.e. at its most severe) of SJS/TEN from 2009 to 2013. All of them were evaluated by a psychiatrist with several psychologic scores at the acute phase and were prescribed an anti-anxiety drug, hydroxyzine, if necessary, then patients were checked again at two, six and 12 months. The degree of post-traumatic stress was defined by a PTSD Checklist score of greater than 44. At six months, the PTSD prevalence was 23%. Three patients developed a late PTSD at 12 months. We conclude that a systematic psychiatric evaluation is warranted at the acute phase and must be followed by a prolonged and repeated evaluation of the patients for at least one year.

show abstract

“…Further research is therefore needed to examine whether positive endorsements of symptoms from all six (in case of the 6-factor models) or seven (in case of the Hybrid model) symptom clusters would be needed for a diagnosis of PTSD, since several studies have shown that changes in diagnostic criteria and dimensional structure have implications to PTSD prevalence rates estimations (e.g., Hansen, Hyland, Armour, Shevlin, & Elklit, 2015; Schaal, Koebach, Hinkel, & Elbert, 2015). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress symptoms in Spanish trauma victims

Soberón

Crespo

Gutiérrez

et al. 2016

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundConfirmatory factor analytic studies have shown that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorders (DSM-5) may be better explained by two 6-factor models (the Externalizing Behaviours model and the Anhedonia model) and a 7-factor Hybrid model. The latter model comprises the symptom clusters of intrusion, avoidance, negative affect, anhedonia, externalizing behaviours, and anxious and dysphoric arousal. This model has received empirical support mainly in American samples. Of note, there have been a limited number of studies conducted on samples from other countries.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the underlying dimensionality of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in a Spanish clinical sample exposed to a range of traumatic events.MethodParticipants included 165 adults (78.8% females) seeking treatment in trauma services in the Madrid area (Spain). PTSD was assessed using the Global Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Scale 5, a Spanish self-report instrument assessing posttraumatic symptoms according to the DSM-5 criteria. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in Mplus.ResultsBoth the 7-factor Hybrid model and the 6-factor Anhedonia model demonstrated good and equivalent fit to the data.ConclusionsThe findings of this study replicate and extend previous research by providing support for both the 7-factor Hybrid model and the 6-factor Anhedonia model in a clinical sample of Spanish trauma survivors. Given equivalent fit for these two models and the fewer number of latent factors in the Anhedonia model, it was selected as optimal in a traumatized Spanish sample. Implications and future research directions are discussed.Highlights of the articleThe 7-factor Hybrid model (which comprises the intrusion, avoidance, negative affect, anhedonia, externalizing behaviours, and anxious and dysphoric arousal symptoms clusters) and the 6-factor Anhedonia model (in which the externalizing behaviour symptoms are part of the dysphoric arousal symptom cluster) provided equivalent fit to the data.The Anhedonia model is the most parsimonious and thus the optimal-fitting model in the current sample.The findings support the distinctiveness between dysphoric arousal, anxious arousal, negative affect, and anhedonia factors.The separation of the externalizing behaviour symptoms from the dysphoric arousal symptoms does not improve the model fit in the current sample.

show abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder according to DSM-5 and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria: a comparison in a sample of Congolese ex-combatants

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Shared trauma reality in war: Mental health therapists’ experience

Shared trauma reality in war: Mental health therapists’ experience

Post‐traumatic stress disorder in Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: prevalence and risk factors. A prospective study of 31 patients

Dimensional structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress symptoms in Spanish trauma victims

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About