Posttraumatic Ectopic Nail: Case Report

Progressive Symmetric Erythrokeratodermia Associated with Oligodontia, Severe Caries, Disturbed Hair Growth and Ectopic Nail: A New Syndrome?

“…Ectopic nail is a rare disorder that is either genetically determined or an acquired deformity secondary to trauma [4]. Cases of genetically determined ectopic nails have mostly been reported in Japanese patients [5].…”

Onychoheterotopia: Pathogenesis, presentation, and management of ectopic nail

“…These include an ectopic existence of germ cells, the nail of a rudimentary or hidden polydactyly, and traumatic transfer and inoculation of oncocytes. 3,[5][6][7]9 It is also observed at times with Pierre Robin syndrome 10 and an aberration of the long arm of chromosome 6 3,6,7,9 ealthough the cause was not mentioned.…”

“…5 Congenital onychoheterotopia was also reported in relationship to other congenital conditions such as congenital palmar nail syndrome and Pierre Robin syndrome. 6,7 However, congenital onychoheterotopia can appear without any of the aforementioned conditions or any other anomaly. 7 In addition, there has been some suggestion that it can present as a type of teratoma or as dyskeratosis of the skin that has grown into a nail.…”

“…[4][5][6] It is classified broadly as acquired with history of trauma and acquired without history of trauma, indicating a genetic predisposition. 3,7 In 1931, the first case of ectopic nail was described and appeared to be congenital. 8 In the following review we hope to convey a comprehensive examination of the available literature.…”

A Tale of a Double-Nailed Toe

“…Differential diagnosis includes a foreign body, teratoma, hamartoma, cutaneous horn, or subungual exostosis [5]. Performing X-ray imaging of the foot focusing on the ectopic nail is important to rule out the diagnosis of exostosis before performing a surgical excision of the nail-like structure.…”