Posttranscriptional Regulation by the Upstream Open Reading Frame of the Phosphoethanolamine<i>N</i>-Methyltransferase Gene

Tabuchi, Tomoki; Okada, Tomoyuki; Azuma, Tetsushi; Nanmori, Takashi; Yasuda, Takeshi

doi:10.1271/bbb.60309

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Interestingly, it has recently been reported that PEAMT1 contains a uORF in its 59UTR and that this uORF is necessary for repression of protein (and transcript) abundance by exogenous choline (Tabuchi et al, 2006). PEAMT1 is therefore subject to multiple layers of regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, it has recently been reported that PEAMT1 is regulated at the posttranscriptional level via an upstream open reading frame (uORF) in its 59 untranslated region (UTR) and that this uORF is necessary for repression of protein (and transcript) abundance by exogenous choline (Tabuchi et al, 2006). To investigate whether the induction of PEAMT1 in pah1 pah2-1 leaves is achieved by transcriptional or posttranscriptional/translational regulation, promoter-b-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter experiments were performed using two constructs containing ;1.3 kb of the PEAMT1 promoter including the 59UTR.…”

Section: Peamt1 Is Induced At the Level Of Transcription In Pah1 Pah2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE1 and 2 Regulate Phospholipid Synthesis at the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arabidopsis

et al. 2010

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Phospholipid biosynthesis is essential for the construction of most eukaryotic cell membranes, but how this process is regulated in plants remains poorly understood. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, two Mg 2+ -dependent phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolases called PAH1 and PAH2 act redundantly to repress phospholipid biosynthesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Leaves from pah1 pah2 double mutants contain ;1.8-fold more phospholipid than the wild type and exhibit gross changes in ER morphology, which are consistent with massive membrane overexpansion. The net rate of incorporation of [methyl-14 C]choline into phosphatidylcholine (PC) is ;1.8-fold greater in the double mutant, and the transcript abundance of several key genes that encode enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis is increased. In particular, we show that PHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (PEAMT1) is upregulated at the level of transcription in pah1 pah2 leaves. PEAMT catalyzes the first committed step of choline synthesis in Arabidopsis and defines a variant pathway for PC synthesis not found in yeasts or mammals. Our data suggest that PAH1/2 play a regulatory role in phospholipid synthesis that is analogous to that described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the target enzymes differ, and key components of the signal transduction pathway do not appear to be conserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Peamt1 Is Induced At the Level Of Transcription In Pah1 Pah2mentioning

confidence: 99%

PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE1 and 2 Regulate Phospholipid Synthesis at the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arabidopsis

et al. 2010

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“…PEAMT, known to convert P-Eth to phosphocholine, may play a role in the shift of production from PE to PC by altering the substrate availability, despite its lack of transcript level change in AAPT-deficient lines, since PEAMT was reported to be posttranscriptionally regulated by its upstream open reading frame (Tabuchi et al, 2006), and its activity was also reported to be inhibited by PA in wheat (Jost et al, 2009). Particularly, the decreased level of PA in AAPT RNAi lines may derepress the activity of PEAMT and promote PC production in these plants.…”

Section: How Is the Pc Level Maintained?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Aminoalcoholphosphotransferases 1 and 2 in Phospholipid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Liu

Wang

2015

Plant Cell

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-8813-9511 (Y.L.); 0000-0002-6251-6745 (X.W.)Aminoalcoholphosphotransferase (AAPT) catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphotidylethanolamine (PE), which are the most prevalent membrane phospholipids in all eukaryotic cells. Here, we show that suppression of AAPTs results in extensive membrane phospholipid remodeling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Double knockout (KO) mutants that are hemizygous for either aapt1 or aapt2 display impaired pollen and seed development, leading to embryotic lethality of the double KO plants, whereas aapt1 or aapt2 single KO plants show no overt phenotypic alterations. The growth rate and seed yield of AAPT RNA interference (RNAi) plants are greatly reduced. Lipid profiling shows decreased total galactolipid and phospholipid content in aapt1-containing mutants, including aapt1, aapt1/aapt1 aapt2/AAPT2, aapt1/AAPT1 aapt2/aapt2, and AAPT RNAi plants. The level of PC in leaves was unchanged, whereas that of PE was reduced in all AAPT-deficient plants, except aapt2 KO. However, the acyl species of PC was altered, with increased levels of C34 species and decreased C36 species. Conversely, the levels of PE and phosphatidylinositol were decreased in C34 species. In seeds, all AAPT-deficient plants, including aapt2 KO, displayed a decrease in PE. The data show that AAPT1 and AAPT2 are essential to plant vegetative growth and reproduction and have overlapping functions but that AAPT1 contributes more than AAPT2 to PC production in vegetative tissues. The opposite changes in molecular species between PC and PE and unchanged PC level indicate the existence of additional pathways that maintain homeostatic levels of PC, which are crucial for the survival and proper development of plants.

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“…As we will see, such patterns of overlapping uORFs are emerging as a paradigm for regulatory logic gates that can make gene expression sensitive to small molecules. As the first example, translation efficiency of the phosphatidyl-choline biosynthetic enzyme, phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase is dramatically reduced by phosphocholine via a conserved-pep- tide uORF (CP-uORF) in its 5' UTR (Tabuchi et al, 2006;AlatorreCobos et al, 2012). A second case exemplifies how uORF-mediated regulation can be linked to nonsense-mediated decay.…”

Section: Translational Control By Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational Regulation of Cytoplasmic mRNAs

Roy

Arnim

2013

The Arabidopsis Book

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Translation of the coding potential of a messenger RNA into a protein molecule is a fundamental process in all living cells and consumes a large fraction of metabolites and energy resources in growing cells. Moreover, translation has emerged as an important control point in the regulation of gene expression. At the level of gene regulation, translational control is utilized to support the specific life histories of plants, in particular their responses to the abiotic environment and to metabolites. This review summarizes the diversity of translational control mechanisms in the plant cytoplasm, focusing on specific cases where mechanisms of translational control have evolved to complement or eclipse other levels of gene regulation. We begin by introducing essential features of the translation apparatus. We summarize early evidence for translational control from the pre-Arabidopsis era. Next, we review evidence for translation control in response to stress, to metabolites, and in development. The following section emphasizes RNA sequence elements and biochemical processes that regulate translation. We close with a chapter on the role of signaling pathways that impinge on translation.

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Posttranscriptional Regulation by the Upstream Open Reading Frame of the PhosphoethanolamineN-Methyltransferase Gene

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE1 and 2 Regulate Phospholipid Synthesis at the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arabidopsis

PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE1 and 2 Regulate Phospholipid Synthesis at the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arabidopsis

Role of Aminoalcoholphosphotransferases 1 and 2 in Phospholipid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Translational Regulation of Cytoplasmic mRNAs

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