Postpuberal castration and prostatic carcinoma

Egle, N; Altwein, Jens E.

doi:10.1016/0090-4295(75)90631-7

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Androgen stimulation may be a carcinogenic factor, as testosterone promotes proliferation of prostate epithelial cells and prevents apoptosis [104]. Prostate cancer is extremely rare in men castrated before puberty [105].…”

Section: Clinical Views Implicating Prostasomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostasomes are mediators of intercellular communication: from basic research to clinical implications

Ronquist

2011

Journal of Internal Medicine

118

108

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Abstract. Ronquist G (University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Prostasomes are mediators of intercellular communication: from basic research to clinical implications (Review). J Intern Med 2012;271: 400-413.Prostasomes are nanosized microvesicles secreted by acinar epithelial cells of the prostate gland. Furthermore, they are intracellular microvesicles inside another larger vesicle, a so-called storage vesicle, equivalent to multivesicular bodies of late endosomal origin. Prostasomes are thought to play an important role in intercellular communication by direct interaction primarily between the immobile acinar cells of the prostate gland and the mobile spermatozoa. Prostasomes transfer not only membrane components but also genetic material to spermatozoa. They are rich in various transferable bioactive molecules (e.g. receptors and enzymes) that promote the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. In this review, the pleiotropic biological effects of prostasomes that are relevant for successful fertilization will be discussed. The ability to synthesize and export prostasomes to the extracellular space is observed not only in normal prostate epithelial cells but also in malignant prostate cells. Release of prostasomes by prostate cancer cells suggests a role in malignant cell growth and proliferation. These findings may provide new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.

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Section: Clinical Views Implicating Prostasomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostasomes are mediators of intercellular communication: from basic research to clinical implications

Ronquist

2011

Journal of Internal Medicine

118

108

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“…Die Plasmaspiegel des adrenalen Androgens DHEA schwanken um 500 ng/dl und seines Konjugates DHEA-S um 200 mcg/ dl (19). Sie stimulieren beim gesunden Mann die Prostata kaum, sind aber nach der Kastration für einen kompensatorischen Anstieg des Testosteronspiegels verantwortlich (18,19). Schließlich hilft Prolaktin sowohl bei der Prostata-Zellteilung und -Funktion als auch bei der Aktivierung des wichtigen Enzyms 5 «-Reduktase, das Testosteron zu Dihydrotestosteron (DHT) reduziert (30,80).…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Hormone Therapy Of Prostatic Carcinomaunclassified

“…Beim Mann wurde versucht, die prostatotrope Wirkung der adrenalen Androgene an Autopsiestudien von Männern mit hypogonadotropem Hypogonadismus und Panhypopituitarismus zu widerlegen (52); dennoch wurde sowohl die chirurgische und chemische Adrenelektomie zumindest in der sekundären Therapie des Prostatakarzinoms eingesetzt. Weiterhin wurden adrenale Androgene für die Entwicklung eines Prostatakarzinoms bei Kastraten verantwortlich gemacht (18,66). Selbst die Nebennierenvergrößerung unter der Östrogengabe wurde in Beziehung zur Androgen-Bildung gesetzt (7,44).…”

Section: Hemmung Der Androgenwirkung Auf Die Targetzelleunclassified

Übersicht über die biologischen Grundlagen der Hormontherapie des Prostatakarzinoms

Leitenberger¹,

Altwein²

1989

Aktuel Urol

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“…Androgen stimulation may imply a carcinogenic factor, since testosterone promotes proliferation of prostate epithelial cells and inhibits cell death [6]. It has been reported that prostate cancer is extremely rare in men castrated before reaching puberty [7].A clear discrepancy exists between the high incidence of cancer in the prostate gland and the conspicuously low incidence of primary cancer in the seminal vesicles [8]. This deserves attention since the two glands represent neighboring anatomical locations, both of them being exocrine acces-…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostasome Involvement in the Development and Growth of Prostate Cancer~!2009-07-10~!2009-12-09~!2010-02-11~!

Babiker¹,

Ronquist²,

Nilsson³

et al. 2010

TOPCANJ

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Prostasomes are extracellularly occurring submicron, membrane-surrounded organelles produced by the epithelial cells of the prostate and present in semen after secretion. Even dedifferentiated prostate cancer cells have preserved their ability to produce and export prostasomes to the extracellular space. The precise physiological role of prostasomes is not known, although some of their properties assign them to important physiological and patho-physiological functions that could be exploited in prostate cancer growth and development. In this review, some new properties of seminal and malignant cell line (DU145, PC-3 and LNCaP) prostasomes will be discussed.There are typical differences in the expressions and activities of prostasomal CD59, ATPase, protein kinases and tissue factor (TF) as well as in the transfer of prostasomal CD59 to CD59-deficient erythrocytes (rabbit and human PNH erythrocytes). CD59, protein kinases and TF exhibit characteristic patterns of overexpression by malignant cell prostasomes. A high ATPase activity is recognized on seminal prostasomes with minimal activity on malignant cell prostasomes resulting in more residual ATP available for phosphorylation reactions. Several proteins are phosphorylated by prostasomal protein kinases, namely, complement component C3, fibrinogen, vitronectin and E-cadherin. Furthermore, TF is identified as the main endogenous phosphorylation substrate on prostasomes. In addition, prothrombotic effects of prostasomes are demonstrated. DU145 and PC-3 cell-derived prostasomes exert a higher clotting effect on whole blood and plasma compared to LNCaP cell-derived and seminal prostasomes.In conclusion, malignant cell prostasomes show an increased ability to interact with the biological system in favor of prostate cancer cell promotion and survival. The roles played by prostasomes in this context may improve the understanding of the mechanisms that help the prostate cancer cells to avoid the complement attack (CD59 transfer and phosphorylation and inactivation of C3), to promote angiogenesis (TF) and to metastasize. It may also provide a better understanding of some of the complications usually seen in some terminal prostate cancer patients like thrombotic events and tendency to develop disseminated intravascular coagulation.Keywords: ATPase, CD59, CK, complement, DU145, Extracellular phosphorylation, LNCaP, PC-3, PKA, PKC, prostasomes, prostate cancer, protein kinases, tissue factor. I. GENERAL BACKGROUND A. Prostate CancerProstate cancer is the most prevalent noncutaneous cancer in many of the Western countries and is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in USA [1]. The introduction of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the latter half of 1980s as a biochemical marker of prostate cancer in serum signified a radical change of the pattern of prostate cancer diagnosis. It meant that more cases were detected at an early stage and substantially fewer at advanced stages [2] [3]. There are also studies showing that increasing incidence of prostate can...

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Postpuberal castration and prostatic carcinoma

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Prostasomes are mediators of intercellular communication: from basic research to clinical implications

Prostasomes are mediators of intercellular communication: from basic research to clinical implications

Übersicht über die biologischen Grundlagen der Hormontherapie des Prostatakarzinoms

Prostasome Involvement in the Development and Growth of Prostate Cancer~!2009-07-10~!2009-12-09~!2010-02-11~!

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