Postprandial glycemic response in different bakery formulations with adequate palatability: sex-related effects

Abstract

Purpose Hyperglycemic diets are a critical risk factor for diabetes and other chronic diseases; therefore, food innovation is encouraged. In this sense, starchy foods with a better postprandial glycemic response (PGR) could contribute to disease prevention for consumers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of three biscuit formulations on glycemic indicators – in general, and by sex – and their acceptability. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyzed the nutritional composition of biscuits A, B and C (high, moderate and low fiber content, respectively, among other differences) and the PGR, glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) after being consumed by 15 healthy adults. A sensory evaluation was also performed (n = 54 subjects). An analysis of variance and generalized linear models were fitted to estimate the effect of formulations on glycemic indicators, including interactions by sex. Findings For samples A, B and C (classic biscuit) the GI was 50, 54 and 51, respectively. The formulations did not show differences in the GI or GL. Lower values of PGR were observed in women (p = 0.01) and inverse effects on glycemia in all formulations in women with respect to formulation C in men were found. Calories, fiber and monounsaturated fats showed inverse effects on the PGR, GI and GL. Sample A had the highest value of acceptability (86.1%), considering all attributes assessed. Originality/value A sex-related effect in glycemia was found, with all formulations triggered a better PGR in women. The nutritional profile of biscuits can be improved while maintaining palatability.

Postprandial Glycemic Response to Whole Fruit versus Blended Fruit in Healthy, Young Adults

“…Several studies have reported sex-specific differences in postprandial glycemic response to various meal treatments. Niclis et al reported that women exhibited a lower postprandial glycemic response than men after consuming all variations of biscuits that varied in nutrient content [ 23 ]. Ahmed et al reported a lower postprandial glucose peak in women compared to men, especially after breakfast [ 22 ].…”

“…In this study, we compared the postprandial glycemic response in 20 young, healthy college students (12 female, 8 male), after consuming whole fruit (apple and blackberries) versus blended fruit (apple and blackberry smoothie). There are several studies that have reported sex-specific differences in postprandial glycemic response to meal treatments [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. For this reason, we felt that it was important to include both males and females and to examine sex as a factor in our analysis.…”