Postprandial dyslipidemia in men with visceral obesity: an effect of reduced LDL receptor expression?

Mamo, John; Watts, Gerald F.; Barrett, P. Hugh R.; Smith, D. W.; James, Anthony P.; Pal, Sebely

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.3.e626

Cited by 94 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…38 Regarding the activity of the enzyme, as measured in vitro in post-heparin plasma in obese vs nonobese subjects, the results from the literature are somewhat controversial. Some authors found alterations in the lipoprotein lipase activity in the obese, 39-42 whereas others did not 11,43,44 and this may be related to several variables such as type of obesity, the plasma triglyceride levels and alterations in the insulin action. 45 Most studies found decreased removal of remnants in obesity, as evaluated by the B48 11,37 or retinyl palmitate 12,34,35 measurement in the plasma after a test fatty meal or by chylomicron-like emulsion tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some authors found alterations in the lipoprotein lipase activity in the obese, 39-42 whereas others did not 11,43,44 and this may be related to several variables such as type of obesity, the plasma triglyceride levels and alterations in the insulin action. 45 Most studies found decreased removal of remnants in obesity, as evaluated by the B48 11,37 or retinyl palmitate 12,34,35 measurement in the plasma after a test fatty meal or by chylomicron-like emulsion tests. 9,10,46 However, Vansant et al 47 and Lewis et al 12 did not find obese vs control differences in retinyl palmitate AUC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In those tests, the ingestion of a standard fatty meal is followed by determination in sequential plasma samples of triglycerides and chylomicron labels such as retinyl palmitate 12 and apo B48. 11 In some studies, those determinations are made after plasma ultracentrifugation to separate the 'chylomicron' from 'nonchylomicron' fractions. 32 However, the postprandial lipidemia is made up of lipids of both intestinal and hepatic origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fat accumulation in visceral region, which is frequently associated to insulin resistance, has also been associated to decreased chylomicron remnant removal from circulation. 10,37,47,48 The decrease in remnant removal from the plasma may be consequent to the greater VLDL production by the liver in the obese, leading to competition between both lipoprotein classes and saturation of the removal mechanisms (Riches et al 11,49 Increase in the VLDL hepatic production is consequent to the greater caloric intake by the obese.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The metabolism of chylomicrons, which is much less studied than that of the other lipoproteins due to methodological difficulties, is also altered in obesity. [9][10][11][12] Chylomicrons are produced in the intestine from the absorbed dietary fats and undergo two major catabolic events in the blood stream. Firstly, chylomicron particles undergo the action of lipoprotein lipase on the endothelial surface of capillaries.…”

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Relationships in women between body mass index and the intravascular metabolism of chylomicron-like emulsions

Oliveira

Maranhão

2004

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether increasing body mass index (BMI) produces increasingly intense disturbances in the metabolism of chylomicrons, the lipoproteins that carry the dietary lipids absorbed by the intestine in the circulation. SUBJECTS: Four groups of 10 normolipidemic nondiabetic women at the normal (BMIo25 kg/m 2 ), preobese , obese and morbid obese (BMI440). METHODS: Chylomicron metabolism was studied using the method of triglyceride-rich emulsions that mimic chylomicrons. The chylomicron-like emulsion doubly labeled with 3 H-triolein (TO) and 14 C-cholesteryl-oleate (CO) was intravenously injected to calculate the plasma fractional clearance rates (FCR, in min À1 ) by a compartmental analysis model. FCR-TO mirrors both the lipolysis from lipoprotein lipase that the emulsion suffers while still in the circulation, and the triglycerides portion that is not broken down and is removed from the plasma together with the remnant particles. Lipolysis index is calculated subtracting CO from TO areas under the curve. RESULTS: FCR-TO did not differ among the four groups. The lipolysis index was positively correlated with BMI (r ¼ 0.310; P ¼ 0.05). On the other hand, FCR-CO progressively diminished from the normal to the morbid obese group (0.06970.01; 0.06470.01; 0.03170.003; 0.02970.005 min À1 , respectively, P ¼ 0.003) and there was a negative correlation between FCR-CO and BMI (r ¼ À0.388; P ¼ 0.01). CONCLUSION: In obesity, the capacity to break down chylomicron triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase in vivo increases, but the ability of the organism to remove the resulting chylomicron remnants particles progressively diminishes as the BMI rises. Remnant accumulation most likely predisposes to coronary artery disease development. The increased risk of developing coronary artery diseases in obese subjects may be related, among other causes, to disturbances in the plasma lipoproteins elicited by the weight gain. 1,2 Fasting hypertriglyceridemia is the main dyslipidemia found in obesity. It reflects the plasma accumulation of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein produced by the liver. 3 Low plasma HDL cholesterol may also be found in obese subjects due to the seesaw effect, whereby VLDL and HDL plasma concentration are inversely correlated. 4,5 Owing to the action of transfer proteins, the cholesterol net mass transfer from HDL to VLDL occurs when VLDL concentration increases by mass action law, thus decreasing HDL cholesterol. 5 Furthermore, hepatic lipase is increased in obesity 6 and as this enzyme promotes HDL degradation by the liver, the lipoprotein concentration decreases. 7 Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL are established risk factors for coronary artery disease. The status in obesity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is less clear: in some studies it was found increased, while in others it was normal. 1,8 On the other hand, small, dense LDL, which is the LDL subfraction considered as more atherogenic, may be enhanced in obesity. 2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships in women between body mass index and the intravascular metabolism of chylomicron-like emulsions

Oliveira

Maranhão

2004

Int J Obes

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Exercise and postprandial lipid metabolism – an analysis of the current evidence

Gill

2004

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Exercise and postprandial lipid metabolism -an analysis of the current evidenceExaggerated levels of postprandial lipaemia are implicated in the atherosclerotic disease process and are a risk marker for cardiovascular disease. Postprandial lipaemia is reduced following an exercise session and the energy expended during exercise is an important determinant of the extent of triglyceride (TG) lowering. Interestingly, the TGlowering effect of an exercise session cannot be replicated by restricting energy intake to elicit a similar level of energy deficit. It seems likely that the low levels of postprandial lipaemia experienced by endurance-trained individuals are largely due to the TG-lowering effects of individual exercise sessions, rather than long-term training adaptations, although trained individuals may also benefit from the hypotriglyceridaemic effects of having low levels of body fat. Increased lipoprotein lipase-mediated TG clearance and reduced hepatic TG secretion are both likely to contribute to the TG reductions seen following an exercise session, but the relative importance of these two mechanisms is likely to depend on a number of factors including the energy expended during exercise and the training status of the exercising subject. Further study is needed to determine the effectiveness of exercise in reducing postprandial lipaemia in groups at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and to assess the impact of these lipoprotein changes on other aspects of cardiovascular risk.

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Macro- and Microvascular Disease in an Insulin-Resistant Pre-Diabetic Animal Model

Russell

Proctor

2008

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Postprandial dyslipidemia in men with visceral obesity: an effect of reduced LDL receptor expression?

Cited by 94 publications

References 38 publications

Relationships in women between body mass index and the intravascular metabolism of chylomicron-like emulsions

Relationships in women between body mass index and the intravascular metabolism of chylomicron-like emulsions

Exercise and postprandial lipid metabolism – an analysis of the current evidence

Macro- and Microvascular Disease in an Insulin-Resistant Pre-Diabetic Animal Model

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