Postpartum clinical diseases of dairy cows managed on smallholder production system in Gasabo district, Rwanda

Twagirayezu, JB; Musanayire, Vestine; Murerwa, L; Hakizimana, J.N.; Nyabinwa, P

doi:10.22271/veterinary.2021.v6.i2a.329

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…In recent years, there has been growing awareness of the threats to individual and public health represented by poor-quality medicines for human use, but the field of VMP remains relatively neglected. In Rwanda, owing to the prevalence of infectious animal diseases [8][9][10], VMPs such as antibiotics, anthelmintics, antiprotozoals, and acaricides are widely used [11]. However, there is scarce information regarding the quality of VMP circulating in the market.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eligibility and correctness of the above information were checked against GPHF-Minilab Manual guidelines [11]. Thus, the VMP sample was considered as falsified/substandard in case of poor, altered, or absent printing on the packaging material, simple spelling faults, wrong/absent of batch number, false formats for/wrong manufacturing and expiration dates, non-existing addresses for manufacturers, wrong tablets/bolus shapes and color.…”

Section: Physical Testing Of Vmp Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Substandard and Falsified Veterinary Medicinal Products on the Rwandan Market Using the Global Pharma Health Fund Minilab®

Richard,

Habimana,

Nyabinwa

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The quality of veterinary medicinal products (VMP) is essential for efficient disease management. Therefore, VMPs that do not meet the required standards of quality can lead to increased sickness, death, and the development of antimicrobial resistance, posing a danger to both animals and humans. This study aimed to identify substandard and falsified VMPs on the Rwandan market using the Global Pharma Health Fund (GPHF)-Minilab™. VMP samples were purchased and collected in a cross-sectional study from veterinary retail pharmacies from five districts in four provinces of Rwanda, during May and June 2023. These samples were transported to the Veterinary Laboratory of the School of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nyagatare campus, University of Rwanda, and stored until analysis. The samples were subjected to physical and chemical analysis following the GPHF-Minilab™’s guidelines. A total of 130 samples from two categories of VMP were purchased from 10 veterinary retail pharmacies in urban and rural areas. The results of this study revealed that none of the assessed VMP samples failed physical tests (visual inspection, weight verification, and disintegration test). 10 samples (Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim) out of 130 (7.7%) passed the visual inspections but later failed to comply with Thin-Layer Chromatography result specifications. This is an indication of the presence of substandard and falsified VMP circulating in Rwanda that warrants regular inspection and chemical quality control of VMPs along the supply chain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Testing Of Vmp Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%