Postoperative Surgical Site Bacterial Infections and Drug Susceptibility Patterns at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Amare, Bemnet; Abdurrahman, Zeki; Moges, Beyene; Ali, Jemal

doi:10.4172/2155-9597.1000126

Cited by 44 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This study was in line with studies conducted in Bahir Dar (83.3%) [9], Addis Ababa (84.1%) [3], and Nizwa Hospital, Oman (77.72%) [23]. But the current findings were higher compared to studies conducted in Gondar (31.5%) [24], Tanzania (61.8%) [22], Nepal (62.4%) [5], and Estonian University (6.2%) [7]. The possible explanation for this discrepancy might be due to poor wound care and aseptic technique during C/S and episiotomy procedure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In addition to this, most drugs in the study area can be bought deprived of laboratory confirmation, which leads to misuse of drugs by the community and thus causes the occurrence and spread of antibacterial tolerance. Additional fundamental reason could be reduced hospital sanitation, contributing to the spread of those drug-resistant bacteria in the area [24, 25]. This situation raises serious concerns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Profile, Antibacterial Resistance Pattern, and Associated Factors from Women Attending Postnatal Health Service at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Kifilie

Dagnew

Tegenie

et al. 2018

International Journal of Microbiology

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Introduction Surgical site infection is a vital cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, especially in resource-limited countries. The rise of antibiotic resistance bacterial infection poses a big threat to this vulnerable population. However, there is lack of studies around the study area. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify bacterial profile, antibacterial resistance pattern, and associated factors among mothers attending postnatal care health service. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 study participants at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 30 May 2016. Wound swab, aspirate, and biopsy were collected and performed for culture and drug resistance testing. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to determine the associated factors for bacterial infection. Odds ratio (95% CI) was calculated to determine the strength of statistically significant associated factors. Result Bacterial growth was confirmed in 90 (84.1%) of 107 study participants suspected to have surgical site infection. The predominant bacterial isolates were S. aureus (41.6%), E. coli (19.8%), K. pneumoniae (13.9%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (12.9%), and Enterobacter spp. (4%). The majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline but susceptible to ceftriaxone and amikacin. Multidrug-resistant bacteria species were isolated. Using a procedure such as cesarean section and episiotomy for delivery and premature rapture of membrane had strong association with bacterial infection. Conclusion The high prevalence of bacterial profile and isolation of multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a big threat to postnatal mothers and their children. Factors such as cesarean section, episiotomy for delivery, and premature rapture of membrane were predictors for bacterial infection. Therefore, there should be done a continuous surveillance as well as rational use of antibiotics and a longitudinal study using phenotypic and genotypic methods will be done.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Profile, Antibacterial Resistance Pattern, and Associated Factors from Women Attending Postnatal Health Service at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Kifilie

Dagnew

Tegenie

et al. 2018

International Journal of Microbiology

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“…But, this was much lower than 100% resistant S.aureus to oxacillin reported by Yishak et al, 2009 in Ethiopia [13]. And yet the 76.7% was incomparably higher than findings of Amare et al, 2011 in Ethiopia [31], Anguzu et al, in Uganda [12] and Wibbenmeyer et al, 2006 in USA [32] where 34.6%, 25% and 46.2% MRSA were reported respectively. In this study, oxacillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were found out to be susceptible to cefoxitin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates in infected wounds at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Godebo¹,

Kibru

Tassew

2013

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

101

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BackgroundThe term ’Multidrug-resistant’ (MDR) applies to a bacterium that is simultaneously resistant to a number of antimicrobials belonging to different chemical classes. The effectiveness of currently available antmicrobial drugs is decreasing due to the increasing number of resistant strains causing infections so that available therapeutic options for such organisms are severely limited.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine multidrug-resistance rate of bacterial isolates that caused wound infections.MethodsA Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 322 wound samples taken from consecutive patients seen at inpatient and outpatient department of Jimma University Specialized Hospital from June to December 2011. Swabs from surgical incisions, burns, abscess and traumatic wounds were collected aseptically using Levine’s technique. Bacteriological culture and examination was done following standard microbiological techniques. Multidrug-resistance test was performed by disk diffusion method against 10 classes of antimicrobials. The data was analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft Excel.ResultsThe overall MDR among gram positive and gram negative bacterial isolates were (77%) and (59.3%) respectively. About, 86.2% S.aureus and 28.6% of Coagulase negative Staphylococci became MDR. Nearly 30.1% of S.aureus was resistant to six classes of antimicrobials. The average MDR rate of Proteus, Klebsiella, and Providencia species was 74.8%, 69.6% and 75% in that order. Nearly, 30.8% of Proteus sp, 32.6% of Klebsiella sp and 61% of Citrobacter sp were resistance to 4 classes each. Surprisingly, the average MDR rate for Citrobacter sp was 100%. About (76.7%) of S.aureus was Oxacillin/Methicillin resistant while (16.4%) were Vancomycin resistant. Proteus species was the predominant isolates (27.9%) followed by P.aeruginosa and S.aureus (19.3%) and (19%) respectively.ConclusionThis study indicated that, the overall rate of MDR bacterial pathogens that caused wound infection was very high and many of the isolates were also identified as resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials. Such widespread resistance to antimicrobial classes is something serious because a few treatment options remain for patients with wound infections. Periodic monitoring of etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility in areas where there is no culture facility is essential to assists physician in selection of chemotherapy.

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“…These are serious problems in hospitals specially in surgical practices, where clean operations can become contaminated with virulent organisms and subsequently infected [6]. It is also a common practice that antibiotics can be purchased without prescription; this leads to misuse of antibiotics by the public, thus, contributing to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance [20]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widespread and prolonged use of antibiotics lead to the emergence of resistant bacterial pathogens in wound infections contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates [21]. The antibiotics resistant pathogens are acquired from either health care setting environment, health care personnel, or inpatients [20]. Hospital-acquired infections are further complicated by increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens like methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and polymicrobial flora and fungi [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound Infections among Inpatients and Outpatients Attending the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Mohammed¹,

Endris

Gebrecherkos

et al. 2017

International Journal of Microbiology

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Background. The widespread uses of antibiotics, together with the length of time over which they have been available, have led to the emergence of resistant bacterial pathogens contributing to morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates and their drug susceptibility patterns from inpatients and outpatients with pus and/or wound discharge. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital from March to May, 2014. Wound swab samples were collected from each study participant and inoculated into appropriate media. The bacterial pathogens were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion technique following Kirby-Bauer method. Results. A total of 137 study subjects were included in the study with bacterial isolation rate of 115 (83.9%). Of all, 81 (59.1%) were males. Seventy-seven (57%) of the isolates were Gram-negative and 59 (43%) were Gram-positive. From the total isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant isolate 39/115 (34%) followed by Klebsiella species (13%), coagulase negative staphylococci spp. (12%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram-positive isolates were resistant to ampicillin (86.4%), amoxicillin (83%), penicillin (81.3%), oxacillin (74.6%), and tetracycline (59.4%), while Gram-negative isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (97.4%), ampicillin (94.8%), tetracycline (72.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (66%), and chloramphenicol (54.5%). Conclusion. High prevalence of bacterial isolates was found, Staphylococcus aureus being the most dominant. High rates of multiple drug resistance pathogens to the commonly used antimicrobial agents were isolated. Therefore, concerned bodies should properly monitor the choice of antibiotics to be used as prophylaxis and empiric treatment in the study area.

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Postoperative Surgical Site Bacterial Infections and Drug Susceptibility Patterns at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract: J o u rn al of B a c te rio logy & P a ra sitolo g y

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Bacterial Profile, Antibacterial Resistance Pattern, and Associated Factors from Women Attending Postnatal Health Service at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Bacterial Profile, Antibacterial Resistance Pattern, and Associated Factors from Women Attending Postnatal Health Service at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates in infected wounds at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Bacterial Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound Infections among Inpatients and Outpatients Attending the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

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