Postoperative Nutrition Management: Who Needs What?

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Early oral feeding after major abdominal surgery has been clearly shown to be safe and not a risk factor for anastomotic dehiscence. Within the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery protocol, it is the nutritional plan A. Nonetheless, one must consider that postoperative protein and energy requirements will often be not covered by oral food intake alone. Because nutritional status has been shown to be a prognostic factor in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, the preoperative identification of patients at risk may be mandatory. Malnutrition may be underestimated in an overweight society. With special regard to patients with cancer and those with preexisting malnutrition, an accumulating caloric gap may be harmful in the early and late postoperative periods. Furthermore, complications requiring reoperation and intensive care treatment may occur. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Therefore, a plan B for postoperative nutrition therapy is needed, using preferentially the enteral route. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism recently addressed perioperative nutritional management and the indications for enteral and even parenteral supplementation to achieve caloric requirements in the postoperative course. In the first months after surgery, persisting weight loss is common in patients with upper gastrointestinal resections, even in those with an uncomplicated course. This may delay the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy, increase toxicity, and worsen long-term outcomes.

Efficacy and Safety of Herbal Medicine Treatment on Post-Surgical Recovery in Gastric Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In the realm of post-surgical care for patients with GC, the management of GI recovery and nutrition plays a pivotal role in improving survival rates and QoL [25,26]. The postoperative hurdles faced by these patients, such as impaired GI function and nutritional deficiencies, profoundly impact their recovery and overall prognosis.…”

Nursing care of TURP and hyperglycemia integrating symptoms management model

“…50 Nutritional management by considering proper nutrition can help support healing and reduce the risk of TURP complications such as long-term hyperglycemia. 51 Patients should learn about self-care methods and approaches to handle elevated blood sugar levels while having care in the hospital. 52 Patients can significantly manage hyperglycemia after surgery by actively engaging in care.…”

“…In addition, the patients should stay hydrated by consuming adequate fluids, as dehydration affects blood glucose levels 50 . Nutritional management by considering proper nutrition can help support healing and reduce the risk of TURP complications such as long‐term hyperglycemia 51 . Patients should learn about self‐care methods and approaches to handle elevated blood sugar levels while having care in the hospital 52 .…”

Postoperative Management in Visceral Medicine

“…Nutrition management is one of the determining factors for postoperative outcome. Wobith and Weimann [7] answer the question: “Postoperative nutrition management – Who needs what?” very clearly and comprehensibly. The authors explain, why especially in cancer patients, malnutrition may be inapparent at the time of surgery.…”

“…Nutrition management is one of the determining factors for postoperative outcome. Wobith and Weimann [7] answer the question: "Postoperative nutrition management -Who needs what?" very clearly and comprehensibly.…”