Postoperative esophageal leak management with the Polyflex esophageal stent

Freeman, Richard K.; Ascioti, Anthony J.; Wozniak, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.10.008

Cited by 132 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…14 Recently, a good outcome with low morbidity and mortality has been reported for treating benign oesophageal ruptures and leaks with temporary placement of a fully (FSEMS) or partially (PSEMS) covered self-expanding metal stent or a self-expanding plastic stent (SEPS). [15][16][17][18][19][20] Stents were found to be able to effectively seal oesophageal leaks or ruptures and allow healing of the oesophageal wall, particularly when concurrent adequate drainage of fluid collections in the mediastinum or pleural cavity is performed. The main drawbacks of stent placement are stent migration and tissue in-or overgrowth, both of which necessitate a repeat intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review: temporary stent placement for benign rupture or anastomotic leak of the oesophagus

Boeckel¹,

Sijbring²,

Vleggaar

et al. 2011

Alimentary Pharmacology &Amp; Therapeutics

259

232

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Summary Background Placement of self‐expanding metal stents (SEMS) or plastic stents (SEPS) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment option for benign oesophageal ruptures and leaks; however, it is not clear which stent type should be preferred. Aim To assess clinical effectiveness and safety of treating benign oesophageal ruptures and anastomotic leaks with temporary placement of a stent with special emphasis on different stent designs. Methods A pooled analysis was performed after searching PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies regarding placement of fully covered and partially covered SEMS (FSEMS and PSEMS) and SEPS for this indication. Data were pooled and evaluated for clinical outcome, complications and survival. Results Twenty‐five studies, including 267 patients with complete follow‐up on outcome, were identified. Clinical success was achieved in 85% of patients and was not different between stent types (SEPS 84%, FSEMS 85% and PSEMS 86%, P = 0.97). Time of stent placement was longest for SEPS (8 weeks) followed by FSEMS and PSEMS (both 6 weeks). In total, 65 (34%) patients had a stent‐related complication. Stent migration occurred more often with SEPS [n = 47 (31%)] and FSEMS [n = 7 (26%)] than with PSEMS [n = 2 (12%), P ≤ 0.001], whereas there was no significant difference in tissue in‐ and overgrowth between PSEMS [12% vs. 7% (FSEMS) and 3% (SEPS), P = 0.68]. Conclusions Although there is a lack of randomised controlled trials, it seems that covered stent placement for a period of 6–8 weeks is safe and effective for benign oesophageal ruptures and anastomotic leaks to heal. As efficacy between different stent types is not significantly different, stent choice should depend on expected risk of stent migration (self‐expanding plastic stents and fully covered self‐expanding metal stents) and, to a minor degree, on expected risk of tissue in‐ or overgrowth (partially covered self‐expanding metal stents).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review: temporary stent placement for benign rupture or anastomotic leak of the oesophagus

Boeckel¹,

Sijbring²,

Vleggaar

et al. 2011

Alimentary Pharmacology &Amp; Therapeutics

259

232

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“…Our initial experience in 2007 found esophageal stents to be beneficial in these complex patients (20). In this series, silicone coated plastic stents were endoscopically placed in twenty one patients, all of whom had failed at least one operative repair for a chronic esophageal leak.…”

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confidence: 95%

Endoscopic management of esophageal leaks

Ong¹,

Freeman²

2017

J. Thorac. Dis.

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Traditionally, gold standard treatment for an acute esophageal perforation has been operative repair. Over the past two decades, there has been a paradigm shift towards the use of esophageal stents.Recent advances in biomaterial allowed a new generation of stents to be manufactured that combined (I) a non-permeable covering; (II) radial force sufficient to occlude a transmural esophageal injury and (III) improved ease of removability. The amalgamation of these developments set the stage for utilizing esophageal stents as part of the management algorithm of an acute esophageal perforation. This provides a safe and less invasive treatment route in lieu of direct primary repair and its well-documented significant failure rate. Esophageal stent placement for failed operative repair or esophageal leaks also had the potential to minimize the need for esophageal resection and diversion. When included in a multimodality hybrid treatment protocol, esophageal stents can optimize healing success rates and minimize the risks of adverse J Thorac Dis 2017;9(Suppl 2):S135-S145 jtd.amegroups.com significantly less esophageal dilatation, a lower rate of migration and improved palliation for malignant esophageal strictures and malignant tracheo-esophageal fistulae (10,11). However, placement of these prostheses continued to be reserved only for the patient requiring palliative therapy for a malignancy because of the potential esophageal damage associated with extraction including reports of irreparable, sometimes life threatening, fistulae.To combat these complications, second generation metallic stent designs were developed incorporating a covering of silicone, polyurethane or other polymers (12). While offering the advantage of diminishing amount of tumor ingrowth and fixation to the esophageal wall, it came with the cost of higher migration rates. Later, the ends of these covered stents were modified to be partially covered with a margin of 1.5 cm on both proximal and distal ends to optimize purchase of the esophageal wall (13).Further evolution in esophageal stent biomaterials resulted in the development of an occlusive plastic prosthesis coated with silicone. This new design allowed ease of insertion, a minimal requirement for esophageal dilation and the ability to form an occlusive seal within the lumen of the esophagus (14). The distinctive advantage of these non-metallic endoprostheses was the ability for removal or replacement even after an extended period of time without damage to the esophagus. However, similar to the covered metallic stents, a higher incidence of migration was appreciated (15).These synergistic developments led to a crucial turning point in management of esophageal perforations. The ease in manipulation of high-quality covered, occlusive stents in the esophagus, led some investigators to implant these stents in select patients as a temporary measure to treat intrathoracic anastomotic leaks following esophagogastrostomy and acute perforations. Segalin et al. and Roy-Choudhury et al. were am...

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“…In the future, it is possible that an increasing number of these patients may be managed by endoscopic means, including stenting, plug ging, and/or endoluminal repair [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . However, until experience with such techniques evolves further and indications and outcomes are clarified, most surgeons will still prefer the transabdominal approach with which they have the most experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing physician quality of life from impinging on patient quality of care: Weakening the weekend effect

Basson¹

2007

WJG

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Imprecise or delayed care can reflect many factors, including straightforward difficulties in physician judgment and false negative tests. However, the movement toward decreasing physician work hours also leads to delays in care caused by inadequate staffing or inadequate communication between staffing, which must be addressed if quality of care is to remain high. The demonstration of delays in the management of anastomotic leaks over weekends or in association with false positive radiologic studies exemplifies this challenge.

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Postoperative esophageal leak management with the Polyflex esophageal stent

Cited by 132 publications

References 11 publications

Systematic review: temporary stent placement for benign rupture or anastomotic leak of the oesophagus

Systematic review: temporary stent placement for benign rupture or anastomotic leak of the oesophagus

Endoscopic management of esophageal leaks

Preventing physician quality of life from impinging on patient quality of care: Weakening the weekend effect

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