Postoperative Analgesia With Extradural Clonidine

Abstract

The analgesic effect of extradural clonidine was evaluated in a double-blind study. In the recovery room, following orthopaedic or perineal surgery 20 ASA I and II patients were allocated randomly to two groups. The extradural clonidine (EC) group received clonidine 2 micrograms kg-1 in isotonic saline solution 15 micrograms ml-1. The extradural saline (ES) group received the equivalent volume of plain isotonic saline solution. Pain was evaluated by a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 15-min intervals for the first 2 h and subsequently at 30-min intervals for the following 4 h. Morphine 5 mg was given s.c. when patients complained of pain after extradural saline or clonidine. In the EC group, the mean (SD) maximum pain relief was 68.2 (24.1)% of the initial VAS score, but it was only 14.7 (25.2)% in the ES group. The mean duration of analgesia, before injection of morphine, was significantly longer in the EC group (210 (87) min) compared with the ES group (45 (27) min) (P less than 0.001). Drowsiness and moderate hypotension were observed in the EC group.

Antinociceptive Synergistic Interaction Between Clonidine and Ouabain on Thermal Nociceptive Tests in the Rat

“…7,9,27 Clonidine, an ␣ 2 -receptor agonist, is a potent antinociceptive agent. Systemic, spinal, and supraspinal analgesic effects of clonidine have been reported.…”

“…I ntrathecal administration of ␣ 2 -adrenergic agonists produced behavioral analgesia in animals and humans, 7,9,27 although their relative potencies vary among species, including the spinal cholinergic neuron system. 9,16 Ouabain is known to be a specific inhibitor of membrane-bound Na ϩ , K ϩ -ATPase, which regulates the intracellular Na ϩ and K ϩ content.…”

Assessment of the role of α2‐adrenoceptor subtypes in the antinociceptive, sedative and hypothermic action of dexmedetomidine in transgenic mice

“…Clonidine (Bloor & Flacke, 1982) and Dex (Segal et al, 1988) have also been found to be useful adjuncts to general anaesthetics by reducing the anaesthetic requirement during surgery. However, while e ective analgesia is obtained by these restricted routes of administration, widespread use for the treatment of pain following systemic administration is precluded by a series of adverse side-e ects including sedation, profound systemic hypotension and bradycardia (Bonnet et al, 1989;Eisenach et al, 1989a;Maze & Tranquilli, 1991).…”

Postoperatif Ağri Tedavi̇si̇nde Epi̇dural Kloni̇di̇n İle Fentani̇li̇n Karşilaştirilmasi

“…Muhtemelen alfa 2 adrenerjik reseptörlerin supraspinal stimülasyonu ile ortaya çıkan sedatif etki hiçbir dönemde ağrı ölçümlerini engelleyecek kadar ağır olmadı ( 8,9,11,12 ).…”