Postnatal development of masseteric motoneurons in congenital hypothyroid rats

Ganji, Farzaneh; Behzadi, Gila

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.067

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The maternal thyroid (function) induces the development of mesenteric motor neurons determined at days 1, 7, 15, and 23 of gestational age. Ganji et al [ 44 ] in 1 study with PTU treated rats reported that normal level of thyroid hormones is necessary in the moment of weaning to achieve normal masticating function. Deiodinase is a group of proteins involved in the conversion of T4 to active T3 and inactivation of both hormones.…”

Section: Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Models of Developmental Hypothyroidism

2011

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Hypothyroidism is a systemic disease resulting from either thyroid gland's anatomical and functional absence or lack of hypophyseal stimulation, both of which can lead to deficiency in thyroid hormone (TH) production. TH is essential for human and animal development, growth, and function of multiple organs. Children with deficient TH can develop alterations in central nervous system (CNS), striated muscle, bone tissue, liver, bone marrow, and cardiorespiratory system. Among the clinical outlook are signs like breathing difficulty, cardiac insufficiency, dysphagia, and repeated bronchial aspiration, constipation, muscle weakness, cognitive alterations, cochlear dysfunction, reduced height, defects in temperature regulation, anaemia, jaundice, susceptibility to infection, and others. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that TH is very essential for normal brain development. Other research work based on mice pointed out that a reduced level of TH in pregnant mother leads to congenital hypothyroidism in animal models and it is associated with mental retardation, deep neurologic deficiency that impacts on cognitive, learning, and memory functions. The principal experimental model studies that have focused on hypothyroidism are reviewed in this study. This is important on considering the fact that almost all animal species require thyroid hormones for their metabolism.

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Section: Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Models of Developmental Hypothyroidism

2011

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“…An early deficiency in thyroid hormones disturbs brain development (specifically the olfactory system) [15] and delays the maturation of muscles (especially orofacial muscles) [16,17]. Vasopressin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) both play a synergistic role in stimulating the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) [17], so vasopressin could possibly enhance the CRH effect during the first days of nasal obstruction-induced oral breathing. This "stress" reactivity might mediate response to noseblocking surgery and/or dehydration induced by oral breathing [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and Immunological Alterations under Early Nasal Obstruction in Rats Wistar

Dorbani¹,

Bairi²,

Ouakid³

2015

J Neonatal Biol

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For most animals smell is the primal sense. One they rely on to identify food, predators and mates. Indeed, for many organisms, odours arc their most efficient means of communicating with others and interpreting their surroundings. Innate behaviour in response to smell is essential to these organisms' survival and most likely result s from nonconscious perception of odours. This article is part of a research program dealing with the consequences of bilateral nasal obstruction (NO) during the postnatal development of mammals. Its aim was to test if the absence of nasal respiration and the related transition to chronic oral breathing could perturb the development of the individual. Therefore, a NO was induced in 8-day old rats (D8) and its effects were investigated 24 h after the treatment (D9), at the end of the obstruction period (D15) and six days after the reopening of the nostrils (D21). The results showed that NO affect some hormonal functions, these modifications were pronounced at D9, D15 and D21. Lastly, NO was associated with an atrophy of the brain at D15, it was maintained until D21. In rats, nasal obstruction can thus be considered like a multifactorial stressful situation. Its effects lasted until adulthood.

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“…An early deficiency in thyroid hormones disturbs brain development (specifically the olfactory system [87]) and delays the maturation of muscles (especially orofacial muscles) [88–90]. Vasopressin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) both play a synergistic role in stimulating the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) [90], so vasopressin could possibly enhance the CRH effect during the first days of nasal obstruction-induced oral breathing. This “stress” reactivity might mediate response to nose-blocking surgery and/or dehydration induced by oral breathing [54].…”

Section: Multiple Impacts Of Nasal Obstruction: the Rat As A Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

It Takes a Mouth to Eat and a Nose to Breathe: Abnormal Oral Respiration Affects Neonates' Oral Competence and Systemic Adaptation

Trabalon

Schaal

2012

International Journal of Pediatrics

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Mammalian, including human, neonates are considered to be obligate nose breathers. When constrained to breathe through their mouth in response to obstructed or closed nasal passages, the effects are pervasive and profound, and sometimes last into adulthood. The present paper briefly surveys neonates' and infants' responses to this atypical mobilisation of the mouth for breathing and focuses on comparisons between human newborns and infants and the neonatal rat model. We present the effects of forced oral breathing on neonatal rats induced by experimental nasal obstruction. We assessed the multilevel consequences on physiological, structural, and behavioural variables, both during and after the obstruction episode. The effects of the compensatory mobilisation of oral resources for breathing are discussed in the light of the adaptive development of oromotor functions.

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Postnatal development of masseteric motoneurons in congenital hypothyroid rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Experimental Models of Developmental Hypothyroidism

Experimental Models of Developmental Hypothyroidism

Endocrine and Immunological Alterations under Early Nasal Obstruction in Rats Wistar

It Takes a Mouth to Eat and a Nose to Breathe: Abnormal Oral Respiration Affects Neonates' Oral Competence and Systemic Adaptation

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