Postnatal development of human brainstem potentials during the first year of life

Salamy, A.; McKean, Charles M.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(76)90193-0

Cited by 261 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Differences in latency but not in amplitude in former IDA children support the hypomyelination hypothesis. It is generally accepted that latency changes relate to increases in conduction velocity during axonal myelination (13)(14)(15), whereas modifications in amplitude and duration are probably the result of improvements in synchronization at the axonal or synaptic levels (27). However, we emphasize that this study did not directly demonstrate delayed myelination.…”

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confidence: 45%

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infancy: Long-Lasting Effects on Auditory and Visual System Functioning

et al. 2003

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Evoked potentials provide noninvasive measures of nerve transmission and CNS functioning. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) show dramatic changes in infancy, largely as a result of progressive myelination. Because iron is required for normal myelination, pathway transmission in these sensory systems might be affected by early iron deficiency. We previously reported evidence to that effect: infants with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) had slower transmission through the auditory brainstem pathway, uncorrected by iron therapy. To determine long-term effects, ABR and/or VEP of healthy Chilean children who were treated for IDA or were nonanemic in infancy were compared at approximately 4 y of age. Absolute latencies for all ABR waves and interpeak latencies (except I-III interval) were significantly longer in former IDA children. Longer latency was also observed for the P100 wave on VEP. The magnitude of differences was large-about 1 SD. These findings, with differences in latencies but not amplitudes, further support the hypothesis that IDA in infancy alters myelination and provide evidence that effects on transmission through the auditory and visual systems can be long lasting. Subtle changes in sensory pathway transmission might be an underlying mechanism for the derailment of other developmental aspects in early IDA. Neurophysiologic methodologies are noninvasive approaches that can provide information about the functional integration of the CNS. For example, dramatic decreases in latencies in auditory and visual evoked potentials in infancy are often used to index the overall intactness and maturation of the CNS. Progressively shorter latencies until adult levels are achieved are thought to reflect the increasing speed of transmission through sensory pathways, resulting in large part from increased myelination of the auditory and optic nerves and at the intracerebral level (1-5).ABR represent the progressive activation of different levels of the auditory pathway: wave I is generated peripherally in the auditory nerve, wave III reflects the firing of axons exiting the cochlear nuclear complex, and wave V reflects an action potential generated by axons from the lateral lemniscus (6, 7). We recently reported the use of ABR to determine the effects of early IDA on the functional development of the auditory system (8). Six-month-old Chilean infants with IDA tended to show longer latencies than controls, indicating slower transmission through the brainstem portion of the auditory pathway. Differences became pronounced at 12 and 18 mo, despite iron therapy. Because iron is required for the functioning of several neurotransmission systems, myelination, and neuronal metabolic activity, different processes may relate to these lasting ABR abnormalities. However, the findings of differences in latency but not amplitude and more effects on the central (versus peripheral) portion of the auditory pathway appeared to be strong support for the hypothesis that impaired myelination was the explana...

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confidence: 45%

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infancy: Long-Lasting Effects on Auditory and Visual System Functioning

et al. 2003

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“…The auditory brain-stem pathway in humans is immature at birth but development is completed by about 1 year of age (Hecox and Galambos 1974;Salamy and McKean 1976;Starr et al 1977;Rotteveel et al 1985). This development is reflected in changes in AEP morphology, latency, and peak amplitude (Hecox and Galambos 1974;McPherson et al 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Binaural interaction of the auditory brain-stem potentials and middle latency auditory evoked potentials in infants and adults

McPherson

Tures

Starr

1989

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Pote

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SummaryBinaural interactions in brain-stem auditory evoked potentials and in middle latency auditory evoked potentials were studied in 18 normal hearing adults and 10 normal term infants. Binaural interactions at the times of ABR waves V and VI were comparable in term infants and adults. Binaural interaction during the time domain of the middle latency auditory evoked potentials was the greatest at N2o in term infants and at N40 in adults. Measurement of binaural interaction during maturation may be a useful tool in assessing neurologically affected infants.

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“…Wave I, according to Hecox and Galambos (1974), undergoes a process of maturation at about two or three months of life, and six months according to Isaac (1999). According to Salamy and McKean (1976), the significantly longer latency of wave I in newborns (six weeks of life), as compared to other age groups, suggests that the peripheral acoustic mechanisms are not fully developed in newborns, although it is not clear whether this initial delay in the latency of wave I is the result of immaturity of the middle and inner ear or of neuronal immaturity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Malnutrition and Sensory-Motor Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials

Lima¹,

Funayama²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2016

REBAC

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There is evidence that the auditory evoked potential (AEP) is altered by malnutrition both in laboratory animals and in humans. The objective of the present study was to determine whether changes in the AEP caused by malnutrition could be reversed by nutritional rehabilitation and sensorymotor and environmental stimulation during hospitalization. Six children aged 5-33 months with severe malnutrition (kwashiorkor, marasmus and marasmic-kwashiorkor) were admitted to the Pediatric Ward of a University Hospital. Normal age and sex-matched children from the hospital day-care center were enrolled as a control group. The AEP was tested in an electrically and acoustically isolated room using a Nicolet CA 2000 microcomputer. Clicks of 90; 80; 70 and 60 dBn HL were presented through earphones. The results suggest that malnutrition leads to an increase in wave I latencies in patients with marasmus, and in waves I, III and V in those with kwashiorkor or marasmic-kwashiorkor type at 90 dB HL. At discharge, all but one patient with kwashiorkor showed reduced latencies of waves I, III and V compared to the values on admission. Despite the small sample, these preliminary results pointed out that the process of sensory stimulation used in our study in a properly directed, systematic and individualized manner showed encouraging results in terms of AEP recovery in these children.

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Postnatal development of human brainstem potentials during the first year of life

Cited by 261 publications

References 18 publications

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infancy: Long-Lasting Effects on Auditory and Visual System Functioning

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infancy: Long-Lasting Effects on Auditory and Visual System Functioning

Binaural interaction of the auditory brain-stem potentials and middle latency auditory evoked potentials in infants and adults

Effects of Malnutrition and Sensory-Motor Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials

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