Postnatal development of GABAA receptor β1, β2/3, and γ2 immunoreactivity in the rat retina

Koulen, Peter

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19990715)57:2<185::aid-jnr4>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This temporal profile in the generation of amacrine synapses matches that previously suggested by following changes in total inhibitory synapse density across the mouse IPL [29]. Rapid amacrine synaptogenesis during the first and second postnatal weeks also appears to occur in other species, as revealed by immunostaining for GABA A receptors, glycine receptor subunits or gephyrin on RGCs, for example in rat and rabbit retina [37,56]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Coordinated increase in inhibitory and excitatory synapses onto retinal ganglion cells during development

et al. 2011

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BackgroundNeuronal output is shaped by a balance of excitation and inhibition. How this balance is attained in the central nervous system during development is not well understood, and is complicated by the fact that, in vivo, GABAergic and glycinergic synaptogenesis precedes that of glutamatergic synapses. Here, we determined the distributions of inhibitory postsynaptic sites on the dendritic arbors of individual neurons, and compared their developmental patterns with that of excitatory postsynaptic sites. We focused on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina, which receive excitatory input from bipolar cells and inhibitory input from amacrine cells. To visualize and map inhibitory postsynaptic sites, we generated transgenic mice in which RGCs express fluorescently tagged Neuroligin 2 (YFP-NL2) under the control of the Thy1 promoter. By labeling RGC dendrites biolistically in YFP-NL2-expressing retinas, we were able to map the spatial distribution and thus densities of inhibitory postsynaptic sites on the dendritic arbors of individual large-field RGCs across ages.ResultsWe demonstrate that YFP-NL2 is present at inhibitory synapses in the inner plexiform layer by its co-localization with gephyrin, the γ2 subunit of the GABAA receptor and glycine receptors. YFP-NL2 puncta were apposed to the vesicular inhibitory transmitter transporter VGAT but not to CtBP2, a marker of presynaptic ribbons found at bipolar cell terminals. Similar patterns of co-localization with synaptic markers were observed for endogenous NL2. We also verified that expression of YFP-NL2 in the transgenic line did not significantly alter spontaneous inhibitory synaptic transmission onto RGCs. Using these mice, we found that, on average, the density of inhibitory synapses on individual arbors increased gradually until eye opening (postnatal day 15). A small centro-peripheral gradient in density found in mature arbors was apparent at the earliest age we examined (postnatal day 8). Unexpectedly, the adult ratio of inhibitory/excitatory postsynaptic sites was rapidly attained, shortly after glutamatergic synaptogenesis commenced (postnatal day 7).ConclusionOur observations suggest that bipolar and amacrine cell synaptogenesis onto RGCs appear coordinated to rapidly attain a balanced ratio of excitatory and inhibitory synapse densities prior to the onset of visual experience.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Coordinated increase in inhibitory and excitatory synapses onto retinal ganglion cells during development

et al. 2011

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“…[ 3 Η]Flunitrazepam binding showed a significant decrease by 25% between P17 and P60 in IPL of normal rat retina. Previous studies have shown that the typical adult layering of GABA A receptor subunit immunoreactivity into distinct bands in the IPL appeared by the 3rd postnatal week [25,37]. Our results could imply that GABA A /benzodiazepine receptors are decreasing even after the adult stratification pattern in IPL has been reached.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Furthermore, almost all GABA A receptor subunits were expressed in the IPL, while in the OPL a several-fold lower staining intensity for α1, α2, β2/3 and γ2 subunits has been reported [20,25]. A selective synaptic distribution of GluR6/7 and KA2 kainate receptor subunits has been indicated in both plexiform layers of rat retina, being more prominent in the IPL [8,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Benzodiazepine and kainate receptor binding sites in the RCS rat retina

Stasi

Naskar

Thanos

et al. 2003

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest that these effects are mediated by ambient GABA released paracrinally from maturing neurons or from glial cells (Matsutani and Yamamoto, 1998). In the neonatal rat retina, for example, diffuse subunit staining (characteristic of extrasynaptic receptors) for various GABA A receptor subunits precedes the punctate staining pattern (characteristic of synaptic receptors) by a couple of days (Koulen, 1999). …”

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABAergic control of neurite outgrowth and remodeling during development and adult neurogenesis: general rules and differences in diverse systems

Sernagor

Chabrol

Bony

et al. 2010

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

118

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During development, Gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons mature at early stages, long before excitatory neurons. Conversely, GABA reuptake transporters become operative later than glutamate transporters. GABA is therefore not removed efficiently from the extracellular domain and it can exert significant paracrine effects. Hence, GABA-mediated activity is a prominent source of overall neural activity in developing CNS networks, while neurons extend dendrites and axons, and establish synaptic connections. One of the unique features of GABAergic functional plasticity is that in early development, activation of GABAA receptors results in depolarizing (mainly excitatory) responses and Ca2+ influx. Although there is strong evidence from several areas of the CNS that GABA plays a significant role in neurite growth not only during development but also during adult neurogenesis, surprisingly little effort has been made into putting all these observations into a common framework in an attempt to understand the general rules that regulate these basic and evolutionary well-conserved processes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge in this important field. In order to decipher common, universal features and highlight differences between systems throughout development, we compare findings about dendritic proliferation and remodeling in different areas of the nervous system and species, and we also review recent evidence for a role in axonal elongation. In addition to early developmental aspects, we also consider the GABAergic role in dendritic growth during adult neurogenesis, extending our discussion to the roles played by GABA during dendritic proliferation in early developing networks versus adult, well established networks.

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Postnatal development of GABAA receptor β1, β2/3, and γ2 immunoreactivity in the rat retina

Cited by 14 publications

References 69 publications

Coordinated increase in inhibitory and excitatory synapses onto retinal ganglion cells during development

Coordinated increase in inhibitory and excitatory synapses onto retinal ganglion cells during development

Benzodiazepine and kainate receptor binding sites in the RCS rat retina

GABAergic control of neurite outgrowth and remodeling during development and adult neurogenesis: general rules and differences in diverse systems

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