Postnatal development of a brain-specific subspecies of protein kinase C in rat

Abstract

Protein kinase C in the developing rat brain was investigated by a biochemical assay and by light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. The protein kinase was resolved on hydroxyapatite column chromatography into 3 fractions, designated types I, II, and III. Type I, with structure encoded by a gamma-sequence, was not detected early postnatally, maintained a low level of activity during the first week, which increased gradually, and reached its maximum around postnatal day 28. This type of enzyme was expressed specifically in nervous tissues, and was not found in any other tissues thus far tested. Type II enzyme activity, a mixture of the 2 subspecies encoded by the beta I- and beta II-sequences, was found at birth, increased rapidly, and reached a plateau level between postnatal days 14 and 28. This type was the predominant subspecies of protein kinase C in the brain. Type III, its structure encoded by the alpha-sequence, was also detected at birth, and reached its maximum level on postnatal day 7. Immunocytochemical studies with a monoclonal antibody, which recognized preferentially the type I enzyme, visualized the developmental pattern of type I subspecies in the Purkinje cell, a typical cell having a large quantity of type I protein kinase C.

Postsynaptic Calcineurin Activity Downregulates Synaptic Transmission by Weakening Intracellular Ca2+Signaling Mechanisms in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons

“…Why does inhibiting CaN activity in young animals produce multiple results, i.e., prevent induction of LTD, LTP, and synaptic disinhibition (LTD of inhibitory synapses by tetanus)? We propose that although the developing pattern of Ca 2ϩ -dependent protein kinases in brain is similar to that for CaN, their expression is not synchronous (Turner et al, 1984;Kelly and Vernon, 1985;Kelly et al, 1987;Hashimoto, 1988;Yoshida et al, 1988;Hirata et al, 1991) such that shifting the equilibrium between kinases and CaN in postnatal versus adult brain produces different effects on synaptic plasticity. CaN activity may play a dual role in synaptic plasticity during postnatal development and is required for LTD and LTP.…”

Protein kinase C in pain: Involvement of multiple isoforms

“…Over a decade ago expression of cPKCs (α, βI, βII, γ), nPKCs (ε, δ) and aPKC (ξ) was reported in the brain of rats (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Since then PKC α, βI, βII, δ, ε, and ξ isozymes have been identified in primary afferents that transmit nociceptive signals from the peripheral site of injury to the superficial dorsal horn (10).…”

Impaired Motor Learning in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Mice with Multiple Climbing Fiber Input to Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

“…In the cerebellum, PKC␥ plays a role in normal development of the climbing fiber input from the inferior olive (Hashimoto et al, 1988;Moriya and Tanaka, 1994;Kano et al, 1995). Expression of PKC␥ in the brain peaks during the critical period for synapse formation (Hashimoto et al, 1988;Huang et al, 1990;Moriya and Tanaka, 1994).…”

“…Expression of PKC␥ in the brain peaks during the critical period for synapse formation (Hashimoto et al, 1988;Huang et al, 1990;Moriya and Tanaka, 1994). The deletion of PKC␥ causes a developmental defect in the elimination of supernumerary climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapses so that multiple climbing fiber innervation of Purkinje cells persists into adulthood .…”