Postnatal Changes in Transdiaphragmatic Pressure in Piglets

Watchko, Jon F.; Mayock, Dennis E.; Standaert, T. A.; Woodrum, D. E.

doi:10.1203/00006450-198607000-00016

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Often DIAm activation during these behaviors is preparatory for expulsive airway clearance, e.g., coughing or sneezing. The Pdi generated during higher force, non-ventilatory behaviors is substantially greater than that generated during ventilatory behaviors (Greising et al, 2013; Mantilla et al, 2010; Sieck and Fournier, 1989; Watchko et al, 1986). For example in cats, mechanical stimulation of the oropharynx induces a gagging/coughing behavior in which Pdi approximates Pdi max (Sieck and Fournier, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In these studies we found that Pdi generated during ventilatory behaviors is consistently less than 50% of maximal Pdi (Pdi max ) elicited by bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation. For example, Pdi generated during quiet rhythmic breathing (eupnea) ranged from 10–27% of Pdi max depending on species (Greising et al, 2013; Mantilla et al, 2010; Sieck and Fournier, 1989; Watchko et al, 1986). Stimulating breathing by exposure to a hypoxic-hypercapnic (10% O 2 –5% CO 2 ) gas mixture increased Pdi generated during ventilatory behaviors; however, Pdi never exceeded 36% of Pdi max across several species (Greising et al, 2013; Mantilla et al, 2010; Sieck and Fournier, 1989; Watchko et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pdi’s generated during other higher force, non-ventilatory behaviors of the DIAm are also greater than during ventilatory behaviors. For example, during sustained airway occlusion, Pdi ranges from 43–70% of Pdi max across species (Greising et al, 2013; Mantilla et al, 2010; Sieck and Fournier, 1989; Watchko et al, 1986). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of unilateral denervation on transdiaphragmatic pressure

Gill

Mantilla

Sieck

2015

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of unilateral denervation on transdiaphragmatic pressure

Gill

Mantilla

Sieck

2015

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…Serial sections as a model in which to study diaphragmatic muscle function in were meincubated at alkaline pH (10.3) and at acid pH (4.5 and a developmental context (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The normal pattern of periph-4.3) prior to the myofibrillar ATPase assay (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent studies in the neonatal piglet have examined the functional capabilities of the diaphragm in a developmental context. The force output of the diaphragm increases with postnatal age, body weight, and diaphragmatic wet weight for a given central drive to the muscle ( 14). Additionally, the neonatal piglet diaphragm can fatigue when confronted with large inspiratory resistive loads despite elevated central drive (12).…”

Section: Maturational Changes In Muscle Fiber Types Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diaphragmatic Muscle Fiber Type Development in Swine

et al. 1987

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ABSTRACT. Diaphragmatic muscle fiber types were determined in the costal and crural segments of swine diaphragm at 4 postnatal ages (I day, I month, 6 months, and between 3-6 yr of age). Fiber types were differentiated by enzyme histochemistry for adenosine triphosphatase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. A progressive increase in the number of type I fibers occurred in both costal and crural segments from birth to 6 months of age. The number of type IIA fibers decreased and type IIB fibers increased over the same time period. Type IIC fibers were present through I month of age, were rarely observed at 6 months, and were not found in older animals. Type I fibers were more numerous in the crural portion of the diaphragm. The cross-sectional area of all fiber types in both costal and crural segments increased significantly with age. No preferential fiber type growth was noted in either segment of the diaphragm. These data suggest that the pig diaphragmatic muscle is differentiated into its adult form by 6 months of postnatal age, but fiber cross-sectional area growth continues along with body growth. (Pediatr Res 22: [449][450][451][452][453][454]1987) Abbreviations pattern of respiratory muscle fiber type development has not been delineated. We examined the fiber type distribution and cross-sectional area in the swine diaphragm during postnatal development from the neonate to the adult in an effort to provide anatomic correlates for physiologic studies of diaphragmatic function in the developing piglet. MATERIALS AND METHODSTissue sampling. Specimens of the left costal and crural diaphragm from four Yorkshire pigs were obtained at four postnatal ages. Two male and two female animals were studied at 1 day, 1 month, and 6 months of age. Four sows were studied at 3-6 yr of age. Samples were taken immediately following sacrifice with intraperitoneal pentobarbital overdose. The diaphragm was rapidly exposed and muscle was sampled from the left anteriolateral portion of the costal diaphragm midway between the central tendon and the rib insertion. Samples of the left crural diaphragm were obtained from the midportion of the muscle belly. The sample sizes were approximately 1 x 3 x 3 mm. The muscle samples were mounted on cork at approximately resting length and quick frozen in isopentane cooled in liquid nitrogen. They remained frozen at minus 70" C until sectioned.Histoehemistry. Frozen specimens were brought to a temperATPase, adenosine triphosphatase ature of minus 20" C and serial 10-pm cross-sections were cut NADH-TR, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tet-on an American Optical cryostat (American Optical Corporation, razolium reductase Buffalo. NY). Sections were dried at room temDerature for 30-60 min'and then incubated in a battery of histochemical media. Samples of human peripheral skeletal muscle obtained from infants and adults for other studies were incubated simultaneRespiratory failure is a common problem in the neonate and ously and served as controls for the histochemical reactions...

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Influence of maturation on infant diaphragm function assessed by magnetic stimulation of phrenic nerves

Dimitriou

Greenough

Moxham

et al. 2002

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Infant diaphragm function may be adversely affected in a variety of disorders and conditions. Key to establishing an accurate diagnosis are appropriate control data. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maturation on diaphragm function, using a nonvolitional test. Diaphragm function was assessed by measuring the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) generated by magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves. Ballon catheters were positioned in the lower third of the esophagus and stomach. Esophageal (Pes) and gastric (Pgas) pressure changes were measured using differential pressure transducers. The pressure signals were amplified and displayed in real time on a computer (running Labview trade mark software) and Pdi derived by online subtraction of Pes from Pgas. Twenty-nine infants (14 born preterm), at a median gestational age of 37 (range, 25-42) weeks, were studied at a median postconceptional age (PCA) of 39 (range, 32-44) weeks. At time of measurement, none had respiratory problems or were hyperinflated (functional residual capacity ranged from 23-35 mL/kg). The preterm infants had significantly lower transdiaphragmatic pressures responses following median left (4.0, range 2.5-6.8 cmH(2)O vs. 4.8, range 2.8-7.2 cmH(2)O) and median right phrenic nerve stimulation (3.6, range 2.6-4.8 cmH(2)O vs. 4.3, range 2.7-6.8 cmH(2)O) (P < 0.05) than term infants. Following left and right phrenic nerve stimulation, Pdi correlated significantly with gestational age (r = 0.4, P < 0.05, and r = 0.4, P < 0.05, respectively) and PCA (r = 0.37, P = 0.05, and r = 0.56, P < 0.01, respectively). We conclude that gestational age at birth and postconceptional age at time of measurements must be taken into account when interpreting the results of infant diaphragm function tests.

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Postnatal Changes in Transdiaphragmatic Pressure in Piglets

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Impact of unilateral denervation on transdiaphragmatic pressure

Impact of unilateral denervation on transdiaphragmatic pressure

Diaphragmatic Muscle Fiber Type Development in Swine

Influence of maturation on infant diaphragm function assessed by magnetic stimulation of phrenic nerves

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