Postnatal changes in retinal ganglion cell and optic axon populations in the pigmented rat

Perry, V.H.; Henderson, Z.; Linden, Rafael

doi:10.1002/cne.902190309

Cited by 417 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

218

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, we examined the number of CASP3ϩ cells in control and mutant retinas. Previous research has shown that apoptosis is rare throughout embryogenesis (35,36). We found no significant change of the number of apoptotic cells at E12.5 in both control and mutant retinas (data not shown).…”

Section: -Dј E-eј F-fј)supporting

confidence: 42%

Transcription Factors SOX4 and SOX11 Function Redundantly to Regulate the Development of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

Jiang

Ding

Xie

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

123

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: -Dј E-eј F-fј)supporting

confidence: 42%

Transcription Factors SOX4 and SOX11 Function Redundantly to Regulate the Development of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

Jiang

Ding

Xie

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

123

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Retinal areas were measured with a computer-assisted image analyzer. Pyknotic cells were identified in the ganglion cell layer by the presence of condensed and darkly stained nuclei, sometimes fragmented in separated bodies, as described by Perry et al, 1983. When two or more clumps were observed within a cell diameter, they were counted as one pyknotic cell.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Natural and Axotomy-Induced Cell Death in Neonatal Transgenic Mice Overexpressing bcl-2

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Approximately half of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) present in the rodent retina at birth normally die during early development. Overexpression of the proto-oncogene bcl-2 recently has been shown to rescue some neuronal populations from natural cell death and from degeneration induced by axotomy of nerves within the peripheral nervous system. Here we study in vivo the role of the overexpression of bcl-2 in the natural cell death of RGCs and in the degenerative process induced in these cells by transection of the optic nerve. We find that in newborn bcl-2 transgenic mice, the number of RGCs undergoing natural cell death is considerably lower than in wild-type pups. Consistently, a vast majority (90%) of the ganglion cells found in the retina of neonatal transgenics are maintained in adulthood, whereas only 40% survive in wild-type mice.After transection of the optic nerve, the number of degenerating ganglion cells, determined by counting pyknotic nuclei or nuclei with fragmented DNA, is substantially reduced in transgenic mice. In wild-type animals, almost 50% of ganglion cells degenerate in the 24 hr after the lesion, whereas almost the entire ganglion cell population survives axotomy in transgenic mice. Therefore, overexpression of bcl-2 is effective in preventing degeneration of this neuronal population, raising the possibility that ganglion cells are dependent on the endogenous expression of bcl-2 for survival. The remarkable rescue capacity of bcl-2 overexpression in these neurons makes it an interesting model for studying natural cell death and responses to injury in the CNS.

show abstract

“…In the rat, ∼50% of the total RGC population dies in the first postnatal week soon after reaching their target axons, the SC, and the dLGN (Perry et al 1983). While BDNF or NT-4/5 injected into the SC promotes the survival of neonatal RGCs (Cui and Harvey 1995;Ma et al 1998), BDNF or NT-4/5 mutant mice have normal RGC numbers and double-mutant mice show delay in the inner retinal development (Cellerino et al 1997;Harada et al 2005).…”

Section: The Neural Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proliferation of retinal progenitors may also be partly controlled by extrinsic cues such as ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) molecules; however, these effects appear independent of fate and differentiation cues among both early and late progenitor cells (Cepko 1999;Yang 2004). During development, nearly half of RGCs experience programmed cell death (PCD) (Perry et al 1983). Many transcription factors, neurotrophic factors, cell deathregulating factors, and caspases have all been implicated in the regulation of developmental RGC death (Isenmann et al 2003).…”

Section: The Neural Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular regulation of visual system development: more than meets the eye

Harada¹,

Harada²,

Parada³

2007

Genes Dev.

122

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vertebrate eye development has been an excellent model system to investigate basic concepts of developmental biology ranging from mechanisms of tissue induction to the complex patterning and bidimensional orientation of the highly specialized retina. Recent advances have shed light on the interplay between numerous transcriptional networks and growth factors that are involved in the specific stages of retinogenesis, optic nerve formation, and topographic mapping. In this review, we summarize this recent progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the eye, visual system, and embryonic tumors that arise in the optic system.For humans, the visual system is a principal conduit for acquiring external sensory information. Thus, "quality of vision" is intimately tied with "quality of life." Despite extensive clinical and laboratory investigation, many diseases that impair vision, ranging from congenital abnormalities to sporadic forms of retinal degeneration, lack effective treatments. One hope is that improved understanding of development of the visual system, from the eye to the visual cortex, will provide insight into methods for attenuating or reversing these disorders. Development of the neural retina and visual system, especially the mechanism of axon remodeling during synaptogenesis, is complex. Studies have shown that numerous genes are involved in the differentiation and formation of the retina acting at specific stages of the development of visual system. In this review, we will summarize recent progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the eye and visual system. Anatomy of eye developmentThe basic components of the complex optic system are derived from four embryonic sources: forebrain neuroectoderm, intercalating mesoderm, surface ectoderm, and neural crest (Fig. 1). The neuroectoderm differentiates into the retina, iris, and optic nerve; the surface ectoderm gives rise to lens and corneal epithelium; the mesoderm differentiates into the extraocular muscles and the fibrous and vascular coats of the eye; and neural crest cells become the corneal stroma sclera and corneal endothelium. The vertebrate eye originates from bilateral telencephalic optic grooves. In humans, optic vesicles emerge at the end of the fourth week of development and soon thereafter contact the surface ectoderm to induce lens formation. When the lens placode invaginates to form the lens vesicle, the distal part of optic vesicle begins to invaginate to form the optic cup. As the optic vesicles grow, the proximal ends expand and their connections with the forebrain constrict to form optic stalks. Through the retinal fissure, a groove at the inferior aspect of the optic vesicle, the hyaloid artery, enters the eye and nourishes the optic cup and lens vesicle. The retinal fissure normally closes at ∼7 wk of development, and proximal parts of the hyaloid vessels persist to form the central artery and vein of the retina, a branch of the ophthalmic artery. Defects in closure of the fissure result in...

show abstract

Postnatal changes in retinal ganglion cell and optic axon populations in the pigmented rat

Cited by 417 publications

References 43 publications

Transcription Factors SOX4 and SOX11 Function Redundantly to Regulate the Development of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

Transcription Factors SOX4 and SOX11 Function Redundantly to Regulate the Development of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

Protection of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Natural and Axotomy-Induced Cell Death in Neonatal Transgenic Mice Overexpressing bcl-2

Molecular regulation of visual system development: more than meets the eye

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About