Postmortem Orbital Findings in Shaken Baby Syndrome

Wygnanski–Jaffe, Tamara; Levin, Alex V.; Shafiq, Ayad; Smith, Charles R.; Enzenauer, Robert W.; Elder, James E; Morin, Julie; Stephens, Derek; Atenafu, Eshetu G.

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2006.03.038

Cited by 97 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…They are rarely seen with accidental TBI (Bechtel et al, 2004;Christian, Taylor, Hertle, & Duhaime, 1999;Vinchon, Defoort-Dhellemmes, Desurmont, & Dhellemmes, 2005). RH associated with AHT are characteristically numerous, involve multiple layers of the retina, and extend beyond the posterior pole to the peripheral retina (Adams et al, 2004;Wygnanski-Jaffe et al, 2006).…”

Section: Retinal Hemorrhages (Rh)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Abusive Head Trauma

Endom

Mendez

2010

A Practical Guide to the Evaluation of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect

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Section: Retinal Hemorrhages (Rh)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Abusive Head Trauma

Endom

Mendez

2010

A Practical Guide to the Evaluation of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect

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“…Retinal hemorrhages are often detected in physically abused children, particularly infants who are severely shaken (6). A retrospective study showed that patients with abusive head trauma were more likely to present with neurologic symptoms (unconsciousness, seizure, and paralysis), subdural hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhages, and no history of injury caused by the caregiver (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicolegal Approach to Child Physical Abuse in an Emergency Clinic

Karakuş¹,

Can²,

Dalgıç³

et al. 2015

EAJEM

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Child abuse is a global health problem. For this reason, it is important to perform suitable medical approaches in suspected cases of child abuse in the emergency room. The first consideration is performing life-saving medical approaches. Reporting the case to judicial authorities and the correlation of medical examination findings with medicolegal history are other important steps. We report a case of a 3-year-old male child who died after severe physical abuse. In suspected cases of child abuse, examination of the fundus is important. If death occurs, histopathological examination of eye globes must be performed to determine the cause of death. The present case was the first in which eye globe examination was performed in Izmir, Turkey. Autopsy findings revealed subdural hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by blunt trauma. The cause of death was blunt head trauma, and the manner of death was listed as homicide. Except for microhemorrhages in the optic nerve sheath, no pathological finding was identified in the retina. Retinal hemorrhage can be seen in child abuse cases, and it is associated with a poor prognosis if present; however, the absence of retinal hemorrhage does not exclude child abuse. Crime scene investigation findings, witnesses' statements, medical records, and autopsy findings must all be taken into consideration in child abuse cases in a correlative and holistic manner. (Eurasian J Emerg Med 2015; 14: 201-3)

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“…A great number of ocular entities may be also associated with AHT, such as retinopathy of prematurity, hemangioma, and cytomegalovirus retinitis (29). Other ocular evidence of shaking injury may include optic nerve sheath and intraocular hemorrhages, as well as hemorrhages in the orbital fat or in extraocular muscles (25,30).…”

Section: Retinal Hemorrhagementioning

confidence: 99%

The First Cause of Traumatic Death in Children < 1 Year: A Review on Abusive Head Trauma

et al. 2016

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Context: Pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT) can be defined as an injury to the skull or intracranial contents of a child under the age of 5 due to inflicted blunt impact or violent shaking. Evidence Acquisition: AHT is the most common cause of traumatic death in children younger than 1 year, and it is the leading cause of death due to child abuse. Clinical presentation observed in children with AHT depends on the type of AHT and accompanying injuries. History and physical examination are important for diagnosing AHT and for distinguishing it from other conditions that can mimic shaken baby syndrome, such as accidental trauma, cancer, metabolic diseases, and others. Results: Progress in research on the medical diagnosis of AHT has been remarkable, while the development of treatment strategies has been limited. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatment strategies for AHT able to improve the outcomes. Conclusions:The construction of a nationwide database that supports clinical studies is required in the future.

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Postmortem Orbital Findings in Shaken Baby Syndrome

Cited by 97 publications

References 23 publications

Abusive Head Trauma

Abusive Head Trauma

Medicolegal Approach to Child Physical Abuse in an Emergency Clinic

The First Cause of Traumatic Death in Children < 1 Year: A Review on Abusive Head Trauma

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