Postmortem lung weight in drownings: a comparison with acute asphyxiation and cardiac death

Zhu, Bao Li; Quan, Li; Li, Dong Ri; Taniguchi, Mari; Kamikodai, Yasunobu; Tsuda, Kohei; Fujita, Masaki; Nishi, Katsuji; Tsuji, Tsutomu; Maeda, Hitoshi

doi:10.1016/s1344-6223(02)00172-4

Cited by 64 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Because drowning is due to the inhalation of either fresh or seawater, resulting in lung damage and ventilationperfusion mismatching [29], several lines of accumulating evidence have focused on lung lesions, serum electrolyte concentration [2][3][4][5][6][10][11][12][13][14], or immunohistochemical detection of intrapulmonary SP-A protein distribution, macrophage amount, and the diatom test [1,2,[15][16][17]. However, there is still no reliable technique for differentiating between FWD and SWD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, when drowning is diagnosed, it is also indispensable to further distinguish freshwater drowning (FWD) from saltwater drowning (SWD). Macroscopically, the amount of pleural fluid and lung weights show significant differences between FWD and SWD [3][4][5]. Histopathologically and ultrastructurally, changes in FWD are predominantly osmotic, as evidenced by edema in alveolar-interstitial spaces and vascular wall, along with severe cellular disruption, organelle swelling, and endothelial destruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forensic application of intrarenal aquaporin-2 expression for differential diagnosis between freshwater and saltwater drowning

Ishida

Kimura

et al. 2009

Int J Legal Med

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Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of homologous water channel proteins. In this study, the expressions of AQP1, 2, and 4 were immunohistochemically examined in kidney samples to evaluate their forensic applicability to differentiate between freshwater drowning (FWD) and saltwater drowning (SWD). Kidney samples were obtained from 51 drowning cases (23 FWD and 28 SWD) and 19 non-drowning cases. AQP1 was expressed in the proximal tubules and glomeruli, and AQP4 was localized in the collecting ducts. However, there were no significant differences in AQP1 and AQP4 expressions among FWD, SWD, and control groups. Immunohistochemically, AQP2 was predominantly expressed in the apical plasma membrane of the collecting duct principal cells in all kidney samples of FWD and SWD. Morphometrically, AQP2 expression at the apical plasma membrane of collecting ducts was significantly enhanced in SWD group, compared with FWD and control groups. On the other hand, AQP-2 expression was significantly lower in FWD group than in control group. Moreover, in drowning cases, there was no correlation between post-submersion intervals and AQP expression. From a forensic aspect, immunohistochemical detection of AQP2 in the kidney can be considered a valuable marker to differentiate between FWD and SWD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic application of intrarenal aquaporin-2 expression for differential diagnosis between freshwater and saltwater drowning

Ishida

Kimura

et al. 2009

Int J Legal Med

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“…There have been many macroscopic, ultrastructural, and biochemical forensic studies on the differentiation of FWD and SWD [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. At present, molecular biological techniques have been developed, and widely distributed to the field of medical sciences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is also important to make a differential diagnosis between freshwater drowning (FWD) and saltwater drowning (SWD) [3]. Conventionally, there are macromorphological differences in the amounts of pleural fluid and lung weights (saltwater > freshwater) between FWD and SWD [4,5]. Ultrastructural alterations of the lungs in FWD and SWD cases were also analyzed in experimental drowning models [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential diagnosis between freshwater drowning and saltwater drowning based on intrapulmonary aquaporin-5 expression

et al. 2008

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The intrapulmonary expression of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) was examined in an experimental drowning model and forensic autopsy cases to discuss the possibility for differentiation between freshwater drowning (FWD) and saltwater drowning (SWD). In animal experiments, mice were classified into four groups: (group I: FWD; group II: SWD; group III: postmortem immersion (PI); and group IV: cervical dislocation as controls. In group I, intrapulmonary AQP5 expression was significantly suppressed at both gene and protein levels, compared with the other three groups, and there was no significant difference in AQP5 expression among groups II to IV. In the next series, we examined AQP5 gene expression in human lung samples obtained from forensic autopsies at less than 48 h postmortem (nine FWD cases, five SWD cases, and 14 other cases). Although AQP5 mRNA could be detected in all lung samples under the employed experimental conditions, the intrapulmonary gene expression of AQP5 in FWD was significantly attenuated compared with the other groups. These observations imply that AQP5 expression in type I alveolar epithelial cells was suppressed by hypotonic water to prevent hemodilution from the physiological aspect. Moreover, the analysis of intrapulmonary AQP5 expression would be forensically useful for differentiation between FWD and SWD, or between FWD and PI.

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“…Zhu ve ekibi (8), boğulma, akut asfiksi ve kardiyak kaynaklı ölümlerde postmortem akciğer ağırlıklarını incelemiştir. Ölüm sebepleri ve buna bağlı olarak akciğer ağırlığı arasında büyük bir fark olduğunu ve pleural efüzyon miktarının en fazla tuzlu su boğulmalarında, ardından tatlı su boğulmalar, akut kardiyak ölümler ve asfikside olduğunu bildirmişlerdir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Deneysel Olarak Tatlı Suda Boğulmanın Sıçan Akciğer Karaciğer Beyin Kalp ve Böbrek Ağırlıklarına Etkisi

Kul¹,

Balcı²,

Yorulmaz³

et al. 2011

Bull Leg Med

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Bu çalışmada deneysel olarak suda boğulan ve öldükten sonra suda bekletilen farelerin organ ağırlıklarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Deneyler Fakülte Etik Kurul'unun izni ile herbiri 10 rattan oluşan 5 grup, toplam 50 fare üzerinde yapılmıştır. Yüksek doz anestezi ile öldürüldükten sonra diseksiyon yapılan (Grup 1 : Kontrol), deneysel olarak suda boğulan (Grup 2), ölmeden önce açık yara oluşturularak ölen ve 24 saat tatlı suda bekletilen (Grup 3) ve yüksek doz anestezi ile öldürüldükten sonra 24 saat (Grup IV) ve 72 saat (Grup V) suda bekletilen toplam 50 Wistar Albino cinsi yetişkin sıçana otopsi yapılmıştır. Otopsi esnasında alman organların ağırlıkları, deney gruplarına göre karşılaştınlmıştır. Postmortem 72 saat suda kalan grubun akciğer, karaciğer, beyin ve sağ böbrek ağırlıkları 24 saat postmortem suda kalan gruba göre azalırken, suda boğulan grupta, akciğer, karaciğer, beyin ve sağ böbrek ortalama ağırlıklarının 24 saat postmortem suda kalan gruba göre arttığı (sırasıyla artış oranları %55.1, %24.3, % 14.9 ve %10.5) saptanmıştır. Sadece kalp ağırlılığı açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farlılık saptanmamıştır.Elde ettiğimiz bulgulara göre, postmortem olarak hidrostatik basınç nedeniyle alveollere geçen sıvı miktarı boğulma esnasında aspire edilen sıvı kadar fazla değildir. 72 saat suda kalan gruptaki akciğer, karaciğer, beyin ve sağ böbrek ağırlıklarının 24 saat postmortem suda kalan gruba göre azalması da postmortem putrefaksiyonun (çürüme) etkisi olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Suda boğulma, postmortem değişimler, organ ağırlığı.

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Postmortem lung weight in drownings: a comparison with acute asphyxiation and cardiac death

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

Forensic application of intrarenal aquaporin-2 expression for differential diagnosis between freshwater and saltwater drowning

Forensic application of intrarenal aquaporin-2 expression for differential diagnosis between freshwater and saltwater drowning

Differential diagnosis between freshwater drowning and saltwater drowning based on intrapulmonary aquaporin-5 expression

Deneysel Olarak Tatlı Suda Boğulmanın Sıçan Akciğer Karaciğer Beyin Kalp ve Böbrek Ağırlıklarına Etkisi

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