Postmenopausal bleeding

Abstract

Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is one of the most common reasons for referral to gynaecology services. This is due to the concern of possible underlying malignancy, as approximately 10% of women with PMB will have endometrial cancer. With growing use of hormone replacement therapy there is increased uncertainty as to what constitutes unscheduled bleeding and careful history and examination is required. Although benign conditions represent the most frequent cause of PMB, all women will require urgent referral and investigation in secondary care.