Postheparin plasma triglyceride lipases. Relationships with very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and high density lipoprotein2 cholesterol.

Applebaum-Bowden, Deborah; Haffner, Steven M.; Wahl, Patricia W.; Hoover, Joanne; Warnick, G. Russell; Albers, John J.; Hazzard, William R.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.5.3.273

Cited by 114 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, results of our multivariate analyses revealed that with the exception of plasma HDL cholesterol levels, which were characterized by a significant sex effect, differences in the plasma lipid profile between men and women were largely explained by differences in visceral AT and PH-LPL activity. In addition to the variation in lipoprotein-lipid levels between men and women, a significant sex difference in PHLA was also found, a finding that is concordant with several, [35][36][37][38] but not all, 39,40 previous reports.…”

Section: Effect Of Sexsupporting

confidence: 90%

Race, Visceral Adipose Tissue, Plasma Lipids, and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Men and Women

Després¹,

Couillard

Gagnon

et al. 2000

ATVB

336

118

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Abstract-Abdominal obesity is associated with numerous metabolic alterations, such as hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, compared with abdominally obese white individuals, abdominally obese black individuals have been characterized by higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels, suggesting that the impact of abdominal fat accumulation on the lipoprotein-lipid profile may differ among ethnic groups. Therefore, we have compared the associations between body fatness, visceral adipose tissue (AT) accumulation, and metabolic risk variables in a sample of 247 white men and 240 white women versus a sample of 93 black men and 143 black women. Although no difference in mean total body fatness was found between the 2 race groups, white men had higher levels of visceral AT than did black men (PϽ0.001). Despite the fact that black women had a greater body fat content than did white women, black women had levels of visceral AT that were similar to those of white women, suggesting a lower susceptibility to visceral obesity in black women. This lower accumulation of visceral AT in blacks was accompanied by significantly reduced apolipoprotein B concentrations and ratios of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol as well as higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels (PϽ0.05) compared with those values in whites. Irrespective of sex, higher postheparin plasma hepatic lipase (HL) and lower lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were found in whites, resulting in an HL/LPL ratio that was twice as high in whites as in blacks (PϽ0.005). Although differences in lipoprotein-lipid levels were noted between whites and blacks, results from multiple regression analyses revealed that after control for morphometric and metabolic variables of the study (body fat mass, visceral AT, LPL, HL, and age), ethnicity had, per se, only a minor contribution to the variance in plasma lipoprotein levels. Thus, our results suggest that the higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels and the generally more cardioprotective plasma lipoprotein profile found in abdominally obese black versus white individuals are explained, at least to a certain extent, by a lower visceral AT deposition and a higher plasma LPL activity in black individuals. bdominal obesity has been shown to be associated with the features of the insulin resistance-dyslipidemic syndrome, especially among patients characterized by an excess of visceral adipose tissue (AT). 1-5 Race differences have been reported in the relationship of body fatness to visceral AT accumulation, with whites being more prone to visceral AT deposition than blacks for any level of total body fat. 6 -8 We have also previously shown that excess visceral AT accumulation was related to reduced plasma HDL cholesterol levels in obese white subjects. 9 Because obese black individuals have been characterized by higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels than obese white individuals, 6,7,10 we have tested the hypothesis that the lower accumulation of visceral AT could be responsible for the higher ...

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Section: Effect Of Sexsupporting

confidence: 90%

Race, Visceral Adipose Tissue, Plasma Lipids, and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Men and Women

Després¹,

Couillard

Gagnon

et al. 2000

ATVB

336

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, these results support the proposal that HDL 2 levels may be controlled by hepatic lipase. 36 ' 37 The significant con-elation between hepatic lipase and obesity in Pima women is consistent with previous studies. As in our previous study, 38 we did not observe sex differences in LPL in obese Pima men and women, although adipose LPL was higher in lean women compared to lean men.…”

Section: Llpase Activitiessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This is consistent with the data from Caucasian populations. 35 " 37 In both sexes there was a strong negative association between hepatic lipase and HDI-2 concentrations. Thus, these results support the proposal that HDL 2 levels may be controlled by hepatic lipase.…”

Section: Llpase Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lack of sex differences in high density lipoproteins in Pima Indians. Studies of obesity, lipase activities, and steroid hormones.

Howard¹,

Pan²,

Harper³

et al. 1987

Arteriosclerosis

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To Investigate the reasons for the lack of sex differences In high density llpoprotelns (HDL) observed In population studies of the Plma Indians, we selected 18 lean (9 men, 9 women, body mass Index (BMI) < 27) and 22 obese (12 men, 10 women, BMI > 27) Plma Indians for an Inpatlent study of HDL composition. We measured lipase activities and steroid hormone concentrations, both of which have previously been Implicated In the control of HDL. The lean women had higher concentrations of HDL and HDL 2 than did either the obese women or the lean or obese men. Lean women had significantly lower hepatic lipase activities and significantly higher concentrations of estradlol compared to obese women. Lean women also had different HDL 2 composition, as Indicated by the molar ratio of HDL 2 cholesterol/A-l. Significant negative correlations between HDL and obesity measured by either BMI or percent body fat were observed In both sexes, but the slope of the relationship was steeper In women. Significant negative associations were observed between HDL or HDL 2 concentrations and hepatic lipase In both sexes, and there were significant positive associations between HDL 2 and plasma estradlol In women. The data suggest that obesity In this population has a stronger negative Influence on HDL concentrations In women, possibly through changes In estradlol and hepatic lipase activities. Since there are so few lean women In the Plma population, the net result Is that HDL levels In women In the population as a whole do not differ from those of men. (Arteriosclerosis 7:292-300, May/June 1987) P opulation studies have shown that women usually have a lower prevalence of coronary heart disease than do men. 1 2 The difference has been attributed in part to their high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, since In most populations HDL is higher in women than in men 3 ' 4 and since HDL concentrations have been shown to be inversely associated with the prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease.5 " 7 Because of these observations, it is of Interest to understand the mechanisms that control HDL and why HDL concentrations are influenced by sex.There are some populations in which HDL appear to be similar in men and women.8 " 12 One of these, the Pima Indian population, is especially interesting. Although there is a low prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the nondlabetics, 13 the men appear to have a higher prevalence of CHD than do the women. The HDL concentrations Received September 4, 1986; revision accepted January 28, 1987. in this population are low in both sexes, and no differences in HDL or HDL subtractions were observed between the men and the women when 1391 individuals were sampled in a population survey. 10 The previous data on lipoproteins in this population were obtained on samples from outpatients. We, therefore, decided to examine more thoroughly the HDL composition in Pima subjects stabilized on the metabolic ward. We recruited groups of lean and obese men and women In order to examine the relationships b...

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“…HL activity is elevated in males and postmenopausal women, both at increased risk for atherosclerosis. [13][14][15][16] In rabbits transgenic for human apoB, HL expression results in atherogenic small dense LDL particles. 17 In female apoE-deficient mice (an atherosclerosis model), atherosclerosis was reduced when the mouse (m) HL gene was deleted by gene targeting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent Effects of the Catalytic and Bridging Functions of Hepatic Lipase on Atherosclerosis

Dichek

Qian

Agrawal

2004

ATVB

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Objective-Increased expression of human hepatic lipase (HL) or a catalytically inactive (ci) HL clears plasma cholesterol in mice deficient in low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLr) and murine HL. We hypothesized that increased expression of both HL and ciHL reduces atherosclerosis in these mice. Methods and Results-Mice deficient in both LDLr and murine HL, alone or transgenically expressing similar levels of either human HL or ciHL, were fed a high-fat, cholesterol-enriched "Western" diet for 3 months to accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. Levels of plasma lipids, insulin, glucose, and liver enzymes were measured monthly, and aortic atherosclerosis was quantitated after 3 months. Plasma insulin, glucose, and liver enzyme levels did not differ significantly from controls. After 3 months, expression of HL reduced plasma cholesterol by 55% to 65% and reduced atherosclerosis by 40%. Surprisingly, expression of ciHL did not reduce plasma cholesterol or atherosclerosis. Key Words: hepatic lipase Ⅲ atherosclerosis Ⅲ bridging function Ⅲ fatty liver Ⅲ mouse models H uman hepatic lipase (HL) plays a central role in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. 1,2 HL is a secreted, multifunctional enzyme produced by the liver. In the liver, it binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) on hepatocyte and endothelial cell surfaces and hydrolyzes triglycerides and phospholipids in lipoproteins yielding particles that are optimal for receptor-mediated uptake. 2-5 HL functions as a bridge between lipoproteins and cell-surface HSPG, thereby facilitating receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake by the lowdensity lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and the LDLr-related protein (LRP). [5][6][7][8] The bridging also facilitates selective cholesterol uptake by the scavenger receptor B1. 9,10 The role of HL in atherosclerosis is controversial. 11,12 Some studies support a pro-atherogenic role. For example, HL mediates production of small dense LDL (part of the atherogenic lipid profile). HL activity is elevated in males and postmenopausal women, both at increased risk for atherosclerosis. [13][14][15][16] In rabbits transgenic for human apoB, HL expression results in atherogenic small dense LDL particles. 17 In female apoE-deficient mice (an atherosclerosis model), atherosclerosis was reduced when the mouse (m) HL gene was deleted by gene targeting. 18 Furthermore, adding mHL back to macrophages (using bone marrow transplantation) in the apoE-deficient and mHL-deficient mice actually increased atherosclerosis. 19 Other studies support a protective role for HL. In humans, HL reduces atherogenic remnant lipoproteins and increases production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 3 and pre-␤ 1 HDL, both avid acceptors of free cholesterol. 20 -24 In HL transgenic mice, aortic cholesterol was decreased. 25 In mice overexpressing HL, cholesterol levels were significantly lower. 5,26 Likewise, animal models overexpressing a catalytically inactive variant of HL (ciHL) (reflecting the bridging function of HL) also had lower cholesterol levels, sugg...

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Postheparin plasma triglyceride lipases. Relationships with very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and high density lipoprotein2 cholesterol.

Cited by 114 publications

References 36 publications

Race, Visceral Adipose Tissue, Plasma Lipids, and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Men and Women

Race, Visceral Adipose Tissue, Plasma Lipids, and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Men and Women

Lack of sex differences in high density lipoproteins in Pima Indians. Studies of obesity, lipase activities, and steroid hormones.

Divergent Effects of the Catalytic and Bridging Functions of Hepatic Lipase on Atherosclerosis

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