Posthatching ultrastructural development of the oropharyngeal cavity roof in five age‐stages of Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract

Recent literature has demonstrated only adult avian palate, albeit there has been only limited focus on the postnatal development of the avian oropharyngeal cavity roof.Hence, the current investigation was designed to obtain the full ultrastructure postnatal description of the oropharyngeal roof during the five developmental age-stages of Coturnix coturnix by employing assessments using gross morphometric analysis and stero and scanning electron microscopy. The elongated triangular oropharyngeal roof has a spoonful rounded beak tip. The palate region is subdivided into the rostral ridged area and the choanal area. The palate has eight longitudinal palatine ridges (seven nonpapillated and one papillated median) and four transverse papillary rows (one slightly oblique row and three transverse papillary crests). The median palatine ridge continuous caudally and is then divided into three ridges: one median and two paramedian ridges (forming the lateral boundaries of the choanal field). The choanal field had three regions (rostral, middle, and caudal). The finger-like projection papillary region has five papillae. The choanal cleft has two unequal parts (rostral and caudal). The rostral nonpapillated short choanal part is subdivided by transverse papillary row into rostral narrow straight and caudal diamond portions. The caudal wide papillated choanal part is further divided by a second transverse crest into rostral long (encircled by interdigitated papillae) and caudal short wider part (not encircled by interdigitated papillae). The infundibular cleft is not bordered by any papillae, while the pharyngeal region has numerous papillae and openings of the salivary glands.Moreover, the morphometric analysis revealed a higher value with increasing age for all dimensions. Our findings indicated a higher degree of functional adaptation between the five developmental age stages of quail. Our observations suggest that adaptations such as these may increase the efficiency of food prehension with increasing age.

Ultrastructural adaptation of the oropharyngeal cavity of the Eurasian common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus chloropus): Specific adaptive dietary implications

“…In magpie and raven (Erdogan, & Alan AJMr, technique., 2012), the choanal cleft was completely surrounded by numerous papillae. In our study, only the rostral part of the choanal cleft was encircled by conical papillae, similar to that observed in Eurasian coot (Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2017), but the rostral part was non‐papillated while the caudal carried papillae (Abumandour, Shukry, et al, 2021) in five different age of quail. However, the absence of these papillae from the palate was reported in rhea and ostrich (Gussekloo & Bout, 2005).…”

“…The magpie and raven lacked the palatine ridges (Erdogan, & Alan AJMr, technique., 2012). There are some variations among the bird species in the number of the palatine ridges; the presence of 12 palatine ridges (four transverse and eight longitudinal ridges) in five developmental ages of quail (Abumandour, Shukry, et al, 2021), five palatine ridges; two lateral, two paramedian, and one median ridge (Gewaily & Abumandour, 2020) in hooded crow, while the only one median ridge in ratites (Cevik‐Demirkan et al, 2007; Gussekloo & Bout, 2005). However, the complete absence of the palatine ridges was noted in raven and magpie (Erdogan & Alan, 2012).…”

“…Some time ago, the avian tongue had more considerations from all scientists by various anatomical methods to its adaptation with the different feeding habits (Abumandour, Shukry, et al, 2021; Abumandour, Farrag, et al, 2021; Al‐Ahmady, 2016; Crole and Soley, 2010b; Jackowiak & Ludwig, 2008b; Kobayashi et al, 1998; Skieresz‐Szewczyk & Jackowiak, 2016). Over time, the anatomical researchers have resorted to investigating the oropharyngeal cavity and its adaptability with the obtainable food particles in different environmental conditions (Abumandour, El‐Bakary, et al, 2021; Abumandour, Farrag, et al, 2021; El‐Mansi et al, 2020; El‐Mansi et al, 2021; Gewaily & Abumandour, 2020; Mahdy, 2020).…”

Scanning electron microscopic and histological features of the oral cavity of the Egyptian tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni)

“…oral cavity with the nasal cavity, similar to that described in; the Basal Tortoise (Heiss et al, 2011), the semiaquatic giant Asian pond turtle (Lintner et al, 2012) and the semiaquatic Malayan box turtle (Heiss et al, 2008). This connection between the oral and nasal cavities is also described in avian species (Abumandour, El-Bakary, et al, 2021;Abumandour, Shukry, et al, 2021;El-Mansi, El-Bealy, Al-Kahtani, et al, 2021;.…”

“…Our SEM observations show the presence of the two elongated choanal openings on the middle palatine portion that connect the oral cavity with the nasal cavity, similar to that described in; the Basal Tortoise (Heiss et al, 2011), the semiaquatic giant Asian pond turtle(Lintner et al, 2012) and the semiaquatic Malayan box turtle(Heiss et al, 2008). This connection between the oral and nasal cavities is also described in avian species (Abumandour, El‐Bakary, et al, 2021; Abumandour, Shukry, et al, 2021; El‐Mansi, El‐Bealy, Al‐Kahtani, et al, 2021; El‐Mansi, El‐Bealy, Rady, et al, 2021). Crocodilians, on the other hand, have a complete secondary palate that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity (Abramyan et al, 2014).…”