Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry of Fruits

Biale, J. B.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.01.060150.001151

Cited by 114 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Four plugs, 8.5 mm in diameter, were removed from the rind at equally spaced intervals around the equator of the fruit. These plugs were incubated in about 2.5 ml of water containing about 0.20 microcuries of glucose-U- 14 C. The center well contained 0.2 ml of 20% KOH. The total volume of solutions was adjusted to make the added volume constant and standard manometric readings were taken hourly for 3 hours following an 1-hour initial equilibration (8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Changes Associated With Natural and Gibberellin A3 Delayed Senescence in the Navel Orange Rind1

Lewis

Coggins

Labanauskas

et al. 1967

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Several factors associated with senescence of the rind of the Navel orange fruit and their response to GA were studied from the time of color change, green to orange, until the fruit passed the point of any commercial value. This period is typified by a doubling in the concentration of sugar, a decrease in glucose respiration, and increase in the ratio of K/Ca+Mg . No seasonal trend could be assigned to Oz uptake, protein N, total N, or P, Zn, Cu, B, or Na. GA treatment at the time of color change did not seem to affect these factors until the rind approached senescence. At this point, GA effects were observable in the form of higher rates of Oz uptake, higher rate of glucose respiration, a lag in sugar accumulation, a lower K/Ca+Mg ratio, and a higher level of P. These results were interpreted as indicating that GA maintained a more functional mitochondrial membrane and plasmalemma membrane.The imminence of senescence in many plant organs is marked by the loss of green color and appearance of anthocyanins or carotenoids. This change is sufficiently dependable so that comparative measures of chlorophyll content are often used to plot the approach of senescence. The fruit of Citrus sinensis, cultivar, Navel orange approach senescence with the typical decrease in chlorophyll content, synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids, as well as softening and general weakening of the rind. Gibberellin A3 (GA), which has often been associated with the hastening of senescence (1, 2), appears to delay senescence in the rind of the Navel orange. GA-treated fruit exhibit a delayed chlorophyll loss (3), slower carotenoid accumulation (4), delayed softening of the rind, and diminished accumulation of rind exudate (5) . (This latter condition should not be confused with the exudate resulting from an aphid infestation.)To gain a better understanding of the changes accompanying senescence in the Navel orange rind and the probable manner in which GA acts in delay-

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Changes Associated With Natural and Gibberellin A3 Delayed Senescence in the Navel Orange Rind1

Lewis

Coggins

Labanauskas

et al. 1967

Plant and Cell Physiology

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“…In gas flow respirometers the rate at which air is passed over fruit samples may be a critical factor determining their respiration rates (1). In some cases the accumulation of CO2 is not very great at air flow rates which are inhibitory (1).…”

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“…In some cases the accumulation of CO2 is not very great at air flow rates which are inhibitory (1). Claypool et al (2) reported the effects of air flow treatments on the respiration of a number of deciduous fruits.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the present study a marked effect of ventilation on the climacteric was found. This effect is relevant to the uncertain role of the climacteric in fruit ripening (1,10 Two replications were conducted. Each sample (15 fruits, about 1 kg) was enclosed in a 3.78-liter jar with gas flow connections.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The 1-ml samples were chromatographed on a column of 60 to 80 mesh silica gel, 24 inches long and one-fourth inch in diameter. Helium was used as the carrier gas at 13 psi, and the column and thermal conductivity detector were maintained at 130 C. CO, production rates were calculated by the formula of Biale (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Air Flow Rate, Storage Temperature, and Harvest Maturity on Respiration and Ripening of Tomato Fruits

Pharr

Kattan

1971

Plant Physiol.

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The interactive effects of aeration rate, storage temperature, harvest maturity, and storage duration on respiration and ripening of tomato fruits (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Roma) were studied. Slow aeration rate strongly reduced the climacteric but did not affect ripening. Low Two replications were conducted. Each sample (15 fruits, about 1 kg) was enclosed in a 3.78-liter jar with gas flow connections. Rates of CO2 evolution were determined daily for 16 consecutive days. In preliminary experiments we observed that both 02 uptake and CO2 evolution were suppressed by slow air flow rates. The suppressed respiration due to slow air flow rate was not accompanied by a shift in the respiratory quotient. Therefore, only CO2 evolution was measured as an index of respiration in the present study.On the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th days of storage one sample was removed from each experimental condition for determination of firmness, color, and the concentration of CO2 in the internal atmosphere of the fruits.Respiration. CO, was determined by gas chromatography. A rubber septum was present in the effluent line, and samples were withdrawn into a gas-tight syringe. The 1-ml samples were chromatographed on a column of 60 to 80 mesh silica gel, 24 inches long and one-fourth inch in diameter. Helium was used as the carrier gas at 13 psi, and the column and thermal conductivity detector were maintained at 130 C. CO, production rates were calculated by the formula of Biale (1).Analysis of Internal Gas Atmosphere. Five fruits from each treatment were removed from the respiratory chamber and immediately submerged under water. A hypodermic needle was inserted approximately 1 cm into the core tissue of the stem scar, and a 0.65 ml sample was withdrawn. Samples of 0.5 ml were analyzed under the same chromatographic conditions previously described.Other Analyses. Firmness of five fruits was determined with an Asco firmness meter. A 1 kg prestress load was applied for 10 sec, and a stress load of 1.5 kg was applied for 30 sec (6). All 15 fruits of each sample were frozen intact and later thawed and pulped through a 0.028 mesh screen in a laboratory pulper. Color of the deaerated samples was determined with a Gardner color difference meter standardized with a standard having the values: L, 24.1; a, 24.2; b, 11.6. The data were analyzed by statistical methods of Snedecor (13). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTemperature and air flow rate were the strongest variables affecting respiration. Analysis of variance revealed their effects to be independent. All experimental effects were described by two second order interactions: air flow rate X maturity X days of storage and temperature X maturity X days of storage. Certain regression analyses were also conducted.Effect of Air Flow Rate on Respiration and Ripening. The air flow rates which were used in this study were intentionally quite slow. Especially at the slower air flow rate, the system is never in complete equilibrium. We believe that this does not introduce error of sufficient magnitu...

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Fruit Growth Measurement and Analysis

Opara¹

1999

Horticultural Reviews

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Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry of Fruits

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemical Changes Associated With Natural and Gibberellin A3 Delayed Senescence in the Navel Orange Rind1

Biochemical Changes Associated With Natural and Gibberellin A3 Delayed Senescence in the Navel Orange Rind1

Effects of Air Flow Rate, Storage Temperature, and Harvest Maturity on Respiration and Ripening of Tomato Fruits

Fruit Growth Measurement and Analysis

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