Postharvest fruit quality of transgenic tomatoes suppressed in expression of a ripening-related expansin

Brummell, David A.; Howie, William J.; Ma, Christa; Dunsmuir, Pamela

doi:10.1016/s0925-5214(01)00179-x

Cited by 69 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The simultaneous suppression of the tomato fruit ripeningassociated LePG and LeExp1 expression reduces susceptibility to B. cinerea infection during ripening, whereas suppression of LePG or LeExp1 alone does not reduce susceptibility, indicating that PG and Exp act cooperatively to support both softening (4,22,23,29) and full pathogenicity of B. cinerea. The host CW is a primary target during B. cinerea growth on plant tissue (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many saprophytic and plant pathogenic organisms secrete cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) that specifically target the components of the plant cell wall (CW) so that the pathogen can penetrate the host and acquire nutrients from the digested wall material and cellular contents (3). Some CWDEs have been shown to be virulence factors (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruit in which the expression of genes encoding CWDEs such as PG and pectin methyl esterase has been suppressed apparently have increased tissue integrity at fully ripe or overripe stages (18)(19)(20)(21). The suppression of the tomato fruit ripeningassociated Exp gene, LeExp1, resulted in firmer fruit with prolonged shelf-life (22), but did not reduce the susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata (4). The CW's complexity and structural plasticity complicate approaches designed to understand the relationship between ripening-associated wall metabolism, fruit softening, and increased pathogen susceptibility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Cantu

Vicente²,

Greve³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

265

209

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Fruit ripening is characterized by processes that modify texture and flavor but also by a dramatic increase in susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea. Disassembly of the major structural polysaccharides of the cell wall (CW) is a significant process associated with ripening and contributes to fruit softening. In tomato, polygalacturonase (PG) and expansin (Exp) are among the CW proteins that cooperatively participate in ripening-associated CW disassembly. To determine whether endogenous CW disassembly influences the ripening-regulated increase in necrotropic pathogen susceptibility, B. cinerea susceptibility was assessed in transgenic fruit with suppressed polygalacturonase (LePG) and expansin (LeExp1) expression. Suppression of either LePG or LeExp1 alone did not reduce susceptibility but simultaneous suppression of both dramatically reduced the susceptibility of ripening fruit to B. cinerea, as measured by fungal biomass accumulation and by macerating lesion development. These results demonstrate that altering endogenous plant CW disassembly during ripening influences the course of infection by B. cinerea, perhaps by changing the structure or the accessibility of CW substrates to pathogen CW-degrading enzymes. Recognition of the role of ripening-associated CW metabolism in postharvest pathogen susceptibility may be useful in the design and development of strategies to limit pathogen losses during fruit storage, handling, and distribution.expansin ͉ polygalacturonase ͉ tomato ͉ plant pathogen

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Cantu

Vicente²,

Greve³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

265

209

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“…On the other hand, there are many cases where there is probably already sufficient information to make a reasoned judgment for transgenes conferring some novel traits. For instance, it is difficult to envisage a particularly plausible scenario where the introduction of transgenes that enhance the vitamin content of seeds (Yusuf and Sarin, 2007), product quality (Lu and Kang, 2008), processing characteristics (Brummell et al, 2002) or even herbicide tolerance (Tan et al, 2006) could free any wild relative or crop from ecological constraint and enable it to invade new communities. There is consequently adequate a priori evidence upon which to base the decision concerning which events should be guided to tiered evaluation and which do not merit further examination.…”

Section: Effects Of Enhanced Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness and beyond: Preparing for the arrival of GM crops with ecologically important novel characters

Wilkinson

Tepfer

2009

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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The seemingly inexorable expansion of global human population size, significant increases in the use of biofuel crops and the growing pressures of multifunctional land-use have intensified the need to improve crop productivity. The widespread cultivation of high-yielding genetically modified (GM) crops could help to address these problems, although in doing so, steps must also be taken to ensure that any gene flow from these crops to wild or weedy recipients does not cause significant ecological harm. It is partly for this reason that new GM cultivars are invariably subjected to strict regulatory evaluation in order to assess the risks that each may pose to the environment. Regulatory bodies vary in their approach to decision-making, although all require access to large quantities of detailed information. Such an exhaustive case-by-case approach has been made tractable by the comparative simplicity of the portfolio of GM crops currently on the market, with four crops and two classes of traits accounting for almost all of the area under cultivation of GM crops. This simplified situation will change shortly, and will seriously complicate and potentially slow the evaluation process. Nowhere will the increased diversity of GM crops cause more difficulty to regulators than in those cases where there is a need to assess whether the transgene(s) will enhance fitness in a non-transgenic relative and thereafter cause ecological harm. Current practice to test this risk hypothesis focuses on attempting to detect increased fitness in the recipient. In this paper we explore the merits and shortcomings of this strategy, and investigate the scope for developing new approaches to streamline decision-making processes for transgenes that could cause unwanted ecological change.Keywords: environmental risk assessment / fitness / fitness parameters / GM crops / invasiveness / weediness THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENTThroughout the world, wherever transgenic crops are grown outside the confines of the laboratory, there is a regulatory system for governing and monitoring the conditions under which experimental field trials and/or commercial cultivation is sanctioned. There is considerable variation between individual countries in the legislative frameworks that dictate how decisions to permit, delay or halt the release of a particular transgenic event are made (Capalbo et al., 2003;Cardwell and Kerr, 2008;Guehlstorf and Hallstrom, 2005; Jepson et al., 2005;Kalaitzandonakes et al., 2007;Nasiruddin and Nasim, 2007;Ramjoue, 2007;Salleh, 2006;Zafar, 2007). Nevertheless, there appears to be a growing harmonization of the underlying process that governs decision-making, * Corresponding author: jjw@aber.ac.uk with all systems adopting a case-by-case approach in which large bodies of evidence are first presented and then evaluated in a reiterative fashion.The documents made in support of individual submissions are usually rather weighty and data-rich; they invariably include substantial information relating to the biology and agr...

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“…También en relación con la firmeza del fruto están la ausencia de huecos en los lóculos, el número de lóculos y el tamaño de los mismos (cuanto más pequeños, mejor). Por último una piel flexible, que permita un pelado fácil, es un requisito imprescindible en aquellos cultivares destinados a la elaboración de tomate en dados y tomate pelado (entero o en trozos), productos en los que, además, la calidad depende directamente del grosor y firmeza del pericarpo (Brummell et al, 2002;Brummel y Harpster, 2001). …”

Section: Calidad Externaunclassified

Androesterilidad ligada a la obención de frutos partenocárpicos en cultivares comerciales de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Herranz¹

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AGRADECIMIENTOSMuchas personas me han ayudado de diferentes formas en las diversas etapas de esta Tesis doctoral. En general, quisiera agradecer a todas ellas los momentos que han vivido conmigo en la realización de este trabajo, con sus altos y bajos, y que, tanto ellos como yo sabemos que les agradezco el haberme brindado todo el apoyo, colaboración, ánimo y, sobre todo, cariño y amistad. Y, aunque es difícil nombrarlas porque puedo caer en el error de olvidarme de alguna de ellas, creo que sería injusto que su nombre no apareciera explícitamente en esta sección. Porque forman parte activa de este trabajo, quiero dar las gracias:A los Doctores José Pío Beltrán y Luis Cañas, por haberme dado la oportunidad de trabajar en su grupo, por la formación recibida y por su disponibilidad para solucionar cuestiones, tanto de tipo científicas como técnicas o burocráticas. Gracias por permitirme cumplir uno de mis sueños.A la Doctora Mª Concepción Gómez-Mena, sin ella tampoco hubiera conseguido terminar esta Tesis. Gracias por la paciencia que has tenido conmigo, sobre todo en esta última etapa de escritura y, gracias por la revisión crítica y exhaustiva de este manuscrito, te aseguro que he aprendido mucho con ella.A mis queridos compañeros del laboratorio 2.01, para los que soy Moneymaker.Con ellos he recorrido total o parcialmente este camino, a los que estuvieron, Amparo, Begoña, Teresa, Claudia. A los que están y con los que he formado una pequeña familia: Mª Cruz, por estar siempre disponible y dispuesta a ayudar en todo aquello que se te pide y, por aportarme siempre una visión diferente de las cosas. A Edelín, gracias por ver siempre el lado positivo y, sobre todo gracias porque tu trabajo previo me ha dado la oportunidad de introducirme en el apasionante mundo del tomate. A Roberto y Joanna, con los que he compartido y comparto las mismas experiencias, tanto personales como profesionales. En ellos he encontrado a unos buenos amigos que espero conservar durante toda mi vida; los tres nos hemos apoyado y animado cada vez que uno lo necesitaba. Espero celebrar pronto con vosotros el final de vuestros trabajos y que sepáis que estoy aquí para todo lo que necesitéis.A Auri, Marjan y a nuestras compañeras de almuerzo: Marisol y M.D., porque, gracias a vosotras, el almuerzo se convierte en el mejor momento de la mañana. A todo el personal que conforma el laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares: Gracias alDr. Vicente Moreno, por permitirme trabajar con ellos y acogerme y tratarme como a una más en su laboratorio; a los que están, Begoña, Teresa, Peter, Álex y a los que estuvieron, Rosa, Yania y Mar. Gracias a Benito Pineda, por estar siempre disponible y pendiente de mí y de mi trabajo, gracias porque trabajar contigo es un placer, transmites entusiasmo por tu trabajo y lo contagias a los que te rodean.A la gente del laboratorio del Dr. Antonio Granell, en especial a Clara Pons y Sophie Mirabel, por su paciencia y disposición para resolver cualquier pregunta referente al análisis de micromatrices. A José Luis Rambla y Mª Auror...

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Postharvest fruit quality of transgenic tomatoes suppressed in expression of a ripening-related expansin

Cited by 69 publications

References 36 publications

The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

The intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Fitness and beyond: Preparing for the arrival of GM crops with ecologically important novel characters

Androesterilidad ligada a la obención de frutos partenocárpicos en cultivares comerciales de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

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