Postglacial Pollen Diagrams from South Georgia (Sub-Antarctic) and West Falkland Island (South Atlantic)

Barrow, Chris

doi:10.2307/3038040

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Acaena and Poaceae dominate the entire pollen profile with total percentages between 90% and 98%. Barrow (1976Barrow ( , 1978Barrow ( , 1983, Markgraf and D'Antoni (1978), and the pollen reference collection held at Northumbria University was used for pollen and spore identification. Indeterminable pMC: percentage of modern carbon; M and TM: moss macrofossil and species name; BOM: bulk organic matter; BS: bulk sediment.…”

Section: Palynological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Holocene climate and the intensity of Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds based on a high-resolution palynological record from sub-Antarctic South Georgia

Strother

Salzmann

et al. 2014

The Holocene

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Sub-Antarctic South Georgia is a key region for studying climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, because of its position at the core of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind belt and between the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Polar Frontal Zone. Here, we present a 5.8-m long highresolution pollen record from Fan Lake on Annenkov Island dominated by local sub-polar vegetation, with Acaena and Poaceae being present throughout the last 7000 years. Palynological and sedimentological analyses revealed a warm late Holocene 'climate optimum' between 3790 and 2750 cal. yr BP, which was followed by a gradual transition to cool and wet conditions. This cooling was interrupted by slightly warmer environmental conditions between 1670 and 710 cal. yr BP that partly overlap with the Northern Hemisphere 'Medieval Climate Anomaly'. Increases in non-native and long-distance pollen grains transported from South America (e.g. Nothofagus, Podocarpus) indicate that stronger Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds over South Georgia possibly occurred during some 'colder' phases of the late Holocene, most notably between c. 2210 and 1670 cal. yr BP and after 710 cal. yr BP.

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Section: Palynological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Holocene climate and the intensity of Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds based on a high-resolution palynological record from sub-Antarctic South Georgia

Strother

Salzmann

et al. 2014

The Holocene

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“…This climate supports an altitudinal succession of native vegetation types growing on predominantly peaty soils, from coastal 'tussac grasslands' through varieties of 'oceanic heath', and up to montane 'feldmark' communities (Davies and McAdam, 1989;Moore, 1968). Pollen records indicate that these vegetation types have been constant for at least 9.3 ka (Barrow, 1978), and are similar to those that were present ca. 36-28 ka (Clark et al, 1998), prior to the last period of periglacial conditions between ca.…”

Section: Biogeographic Originmentioning

confidence: 70%

DNA taxonomy and phylogeography of beetles of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Papadopoulou¹,

Jones²,

Hammond³

et al. 2009

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Except for zone 1 in the bryophyte data, PCA values of the macrofossils evolve trough time from positive to negative values. Barrow (1978Barrow ( , 1983aBarrow ( , 1983b concluded from his palynological work, that the Holocene climate history on South Georgia was not clearly reflected by the pollen and spore record, and that pollen and spores as environmental (climatic) indicators should be considered with caution, which we think is confirmed by the pollen diagram of the Tønsberg core. However, Holocene climate history can be better deduced from the macrofossil record, which displays an unstable Holocene climate on South Georgia and shows that macrofossil analysis is able to detect environmental change where the pollen record fails to do so.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Is palynology a credible climate proxy in the Subantarctic?

et al. 2012

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Pollen and spore analysis is the most successfully used palaeobotanical discipline for reconstructing Holocene vegetation and climate history throughout the world. Subantarctic islands are very specific areas. They are located in the circum-Antarctic Southern Ocean in latitudes that are under strong influence of the southern westerly winds, and are characterised by a treeless, phanerogam-poor flora. Palynological research on many of these islands has resulted in diverging conclusions about how to infer climate history from pollen data. In this study we compare pollen data with macrofossil data on the one hand, and the palaeoenvironmental history based on a multiproxy record on the other hand, of two peat sequences from two different subantarctic islands, South Georgia and Île de la Possession (Îles Crozet). We conclude that palynology must be used with caution as a proxy for climate change on these islands, especially when no other proxy data are available. The upland–lowland principle, as it has been applied in pollen studies in the South Indian Ocean islands, results in erroneous conclusions about climate change on Île de la Possession. More palaeoclimatic multiproxy and pollen studies, in combination with pollen–vegetation relationship studies, can, however, contribute to a more reliable model of how to interpret pollen data in the Subantarctic. We want to stress that our conclusions are only based on Holocene records. Consequently, the question remains if palynology can be used as a palaeoclimatic proxy when climatic changes were more pronounced such as during the last glacial–interglacial transition.

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Postglacial Pollen Diagrams from South Georgia (Sub-Antarctic) and West Falkland Island (South Atlantic)

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Changes in Holocene climate and the intensity of Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds based on a high-resolution palynological record from sub-Antarctic South Georgia

Changes in Holocene climate and the intensity of Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds based on a high-resolution palynological record from sub-Antarctic South Georgia

DNA taxonomy and phylogeography of beetles of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Is palynology a credible climate proxy in the Subantarctic?

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